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World History Final

Terms in this set (64)

What are the three major events of Big Era 8 that shook up the modern world system?
WWI, The Great Depression, WWII
How was the world tied together at the start of the 20th century? Provide four examples
1. Communications network made possible by the telegraph, telephone, and undersea cable.
2. Transportation networks made possible by the railway,steamship, and airplane (later on)
3. Trade and financial networks
4. Diplomatic relations and alliances
5. Colonial Empires
Why did Europeans have so much power in the modern world system at the start of Big Era 8? Provide 4 reasons.
1. western European countries had greater economic power because of industrialization
2. European governments and businesses wanted took over more regions(imperialism)
3. Western European military forces had big world leads in military technology (Tech advancements)
4. African and Asian societies suffered from natural disasters, therefore Europe was strongest
What are the causes of WWI, WWII, Great Depression.
Military
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
What were the two new ideas that attempted to replace liberal capitalism during this era?
Communism
Fascism
What countries were the Axis powers and what countries were the main Allies powers during WWII?
Allies: U.S, Britain (liberal democracies) and the USSR (communists) All were anti-fascists.
Axis: Italy, Germany and Japan. (fascists and anti-communists)
Genocide
the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, religious or racial group.
Totalitarianism
Practice of government having complete authority over it's people. (example: fascism)
Holocaust
when Nazi Germany killed people in a planned and forced way during World War II.
Triple Alliance
a military alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It lasted from 20 May 1882 until World War I in 1914.
Balance of Power
The idea to avoid war; each country must have enough military power to prevent other people from attacking you
Arms Race
US and the former Soviet Union during the Cold War competed to have the best weapons; WWI was arms race of battle ships.
Nationalism
pride to ones country. When a group of people want to rule over themselves
League of Nations
a peace conference trying to create stability during the war, the league of nations was created, 42 nations joined, to sought out peace and prevent future wars
Nation
a large group of people united by culture, beliefs, etc.
sovereignty
control over the money/taxes and who to trade with. Self governed
communism
a theory derived by Karl Marx, All property owned by the gov and everyone is equal.
Covenant
an agreement
Egalitarian
someone who believes that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Paternalism
the system of managing or governing individuals, businesses, nations, etc. The mother country takes care of its colonies.
sultan
a ruler or tyrant
Standard of living
level of subsistence and comfort in everyday life enjoyed by a community, class, or individual
GDP
value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time
Great Depression
1930's USA stock-market crashes, people lose jobs and businesses fail.
Autarky
economic independence
Populism
the idea that regular people can have a say in what the government does (appeal to a mass number of people).
Protectionism
the theory or practice of shielding a country's goods from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Fascism
a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, usually enforcing racist and oppressive ideas
propaganda
information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely
Duma
Parliament/Congress of the Soviet Union (Russia).
Bolshevik Revolution
A revolution in Russia in 1917-1918, that overthrew the Russian Gov and brought the Bolsheviks, a Communist party led by Lenin, to power.
Nationalists (China)
People fighting the communists in China
Long March
Chinese communist lead Mao Zedong led his forces to safety in Northern China. they were being chased by the nationalists.
Treaty of Versailles
a treaty between Germany and the Allies in an attempt to stop Germany's power and end the war (20 year truce). Wilson negotiated this treaty to prevent future wars but France and Great Britain wanted revenge on Germany for the war.
Imperialism
rule by an emperor
patriotism
devotion to ones country
Triple Entente
an alliance/friendship agreement with Russia, GB and France
Scapegoats
a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place "Its all their fault"
Manchuria
a region of Northeast China invaded by Japan in 1931, Japan wanted coal and iron from them
isolationism
a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
Dawes Plan
US will lend Germany money to pay for the war; war debts of WWI.
"Final Solution"
Hitler's idea to kill all the Jews to form a perfect nation
Displaced persons
Person forced to leave their country because of war, persecution, refuge.
atomic bomb
a bomb that derives its destructive power from the rapid release of nuclear energy by fission of heavy atomic nuclei, causing damage through heat, blast, and radioactivity.
mandate system
The victors of World War I were given responsibility for governing former German and Ottoman territories as mandates from the League. The ultimate goal was development of each mandate toward eventual independence. Germany had to pay for the war.
What was the immediate cause of World War I?
Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
What was the name of the German war plan to invade France?
The Schlieffen Plan; Germany's plan to attack Russia and France
What are John Green's reasons for the start of World War I?
Alliance system and cultural system
Who fought for Great Britain?
India, Africa, Australia, Zealand, and Canada
What actually killed the most soldiers in World War I?
Disease
What was soldiers' biggest fear when in the trenches at the front?
Fear of shelling
What is the name of the document that ended the WWI
Treaty of Versailles
What happened to Russia as a result of World War I?
Revolution, King is killed, becomes communist, changes from Russia to USSR.
What were some outcomes of World War I?
End of the Ottoman empire, German, war is no longer seen as glorious. US becomes a world player
How did the War affect a group of writers known as the "Lost generation"?
They saw war for what it was. No more romanticism or glorious heroes.
Empires destroyed
Ottoman, Austria/Hungary, Russian and German
Where did fighting take place during WWII? What was the result of this global conflict?
Europe and Pacific. Europe lost its power, US and USSR gain power and compete.
What was the world like in 1945?
50 million people killed during WWII
Parts of Europe, Asia, and N Africa in ruins
World trade severely damaged
Many European economies in shambles
European Colonial empires crumbled
Growing nationalist movements in Asia and Africa
U.S. the major industrial and atomic power
During the cold war five polices emerged. What are they?
Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe and part of Germany
US moves to encircle the Soviet Union with a system of alliance and military aid.
US offers marshall plan to rebuild Europe and 13 billion in aid
US adopted a policy of containment of the Soviet Union with military bases around the world.
An "Iron Curtain" of tense relations separated the Wester allies from the USSR and its allies.
What were the effects of the Cold War?
MAD caused a lot of destruction around the world
Divide world into 2 parts
Nuclear arms race
series of little war were fought such as Korea and Vietnam, killing thousands and costing millions
Trillions of dollars were spent on both sides for weapons that we hoped to never use (MAD)
3rd group of nations developed (non-align nations/states)
How did Western leaders try to restore world trade after World War II?
In 1944, at the Bretton Woods Monetary Conference in New Hampshire, Wester Leaders:
Created the world bank
established the international monetary fund (IMF)
established stable currency exchange rates
ushered in a new Global Age of economic cooperation
All nations were invited except for Soviet union and allies
How did the United States, in the 1980s, move to expand free market capitalism within the global system?
Little government interference in the market (deregulation)
Freedom of individual choice
Borderless market economy (free trade)
Markets as masters over state policies
People should be free to pursue economic self-interest
Consuming goods is a major value
What are some negative of elements of globalization?
Money isn't being distributed evenly
Some corporations have more wealth than many nations
Children have to work
Outsourcing is increasing
More pollution and global warming (deforestation, burning fossil fuels, producing more industrial and consumer waste)
Terrorism is a new global threat
What have been some responses to globalization?
some see it as cultural imperialism, (western ideas took over)
some embrace it
some seek to maintain their traditions
some fight for more economic fairness
some turn to religion
some turn to violence (al queda, isis)
some try to manage it for the greater good
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