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Science exam test questions

Terms in this set (93)

Endocrine system
The endocrine system is to produce hormones
Skeletal System
To provide structure and support to the body
Nervous system
Too coordinate the bodies response to everything; spinal chord
Circulatory system
To deliver oxygenated blood to all of the cells in the body; heart
Excretory system
To rid the body of wastes; kidneys
Immune system
To fight diseases and other pathogens in the body; lymph
Integumentary system
To keep water in and foreign particles out of the body; skin
Respiratory system
To provide oxygen and remove CO2 from the body; trachea
Male sex cells are called...
Sperm
Study the female and male reproductive system
...
Study the bones in the body
...
What is the main function of bone marrow?
To produce blood cells
Female sex cells are called...
Eggs
The primary female sex hormone is called...
Estrogen or progesterone
The primary male sex hormone is called...
Testosterone
The mixture of sperm and fluids from the male sex gland is called...
Semen
An _____ is when there is an increased blood flow to the penis
Erection
Sperm are formed in the ______ and mature in the _______
Testicle; epididymis
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is the process by which one eggs matures, released from the ovary, travels into the Fallopian tube, and unto the uterus (potential for fertilization) happens about once a month
Where does the embryo implant and continue to grow inside the female?
Uterus
Do females menstruate while they are pregnant? Why or why not?
No because the uterine lining needs to protect the embryo
What connects the placenta to the growing fetus?
Umbilical chord
The ____ fluid surrounds the developing embryo/fetus inside the uterus
Amniotic
Study the muscles of the body
...
_____ attach muscles to bones
Tendons
What are three types of muscles?
Skeletal muscle
Smooth
Cardiac
Which muscle controls voluntary movements?
Skeletal muscle
What do we call the top layer of skin that is composed of keratin and melanin
Epidermis
Stimuli
A stimuli is a change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react
What are the three main parts of the brain?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Which part of the brain is the largest, making up almost 85% of the brain?
Cerebrum
The passage of oxygen through the respiratory system and into the blood stream?
Nose/mouth-> pharynx-> larynx-> trachea-> bronchi-> lungs
Why are the alveoli in the lungs wrapped in capillaries?
Alveoli are wrapped in capillaries so oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse into and out of the blood stream
What structure prevents food from going down the trachea and into the lungs?
Epiglottis
Look at the blood flow through the heart diagram
...
What are the four chambers that the heart is composed of?
The left and right ventricle squeeze the blood out of the heart
The left and right atria receive blood coming back into the heart
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
Veins
Place in the body where white blood cells are produced?
Spleen
White blood cells help produce _____ that recognize foreign materials and destroy them
Antibodies
Describe the pathway for a food molecule that will eventually leave the body as waste.
It goes through the mouth, then into the esophagus, then into the stomach, then into the small intestine, then into the large intestine, then into the rectum
Where in the digestive system are most food molecules absorbed?
Small intestine
The liver produces____ which is stored in the ______
Bile; gall bladder
Blood is filtered through the ____ to remove wastes. These wastes leave the body in the form of ____
Kidney; urine
Endocrine glands produce ____ which are chemicals that are carried through the bloodstream
Hormones
Hormones in the body
• Cortisol - stress hormone
• Adrenaline/epinephrine - influences fight or flight response
• Endorphins - reduce pain and affect emotion
• Growth Hormone - stimulates growth
• Insulin - breaks down glucose in blood so you can use it for energy
• Testosterone - male sex hormone
• Estrogen - female sex hormone
Which classes are considered endotherms?
Mammals and birds
Which classes have organisms that reproduce using internal fertilization
Mammals
Aves
Reptiles
The first vertebrates were most likely from which class?
Agnatha
What is the difference between Ectotherms and endotherms?
Ectotherms body temperatures change according to climate. Endotherms keep a pretty consistent body temperature if they are healthy and eating right.
Which group of vertebrates undergoes metamorphosis? Describe the most dramatic physical change that occurs during their life cycle.
Amphibians go through metamorphosis. The most dramatic physical change is they go from having fins and gills to just having lungs and legs.
What is the operculum on a fish?
The operculum is a hard bony structure that protects the fish's gills.
Why is it that finish swimming together in schools never run into each other?
Fish swimming together in a school never run into each other because very fish has a lateral line. The lateral line is used for sensing motion and movement, therefor when one fish Mocs all the other fish sense it and move as well.
Look at the fins on a fish
...
Which fin keeps the fish from rolling over?
The dorsal fin
How are some fish, like the dogfish shark, able to continue breathing even when their mouth is closed?
Some fish have spiracles which are little holes in the fish that allow water to pass over them without going onto/into the gills
What are claspers?
An organ that not male sharks have that is used during sexual reproduction.
Sharks and amphibians have an opening for waste and reproduction. What is this called?
Cloaca
Ways in which amphibians reproduction is similar to fish reproduction?
Neither of their eggs have hard shells
Both lay their eggs in the water
Soft eggs
What are two ways MOST adult amphibians receive oxygen?
They have lungs
They obtain oxygen though their moist, smooth skin
3 characteristics that differ between amphibians and reptiles
• amphibians go through metamorphosis and reptiles do not
• reptiles reproduce using internal fertilization and amphibians reproduce reproduce using external fertilization
• amphibians lay their eggs in the water and reptiles do not
What are two ways in which reptile reproduction is similar to bird reproduction?
They both reproduce using internal fertilization
Both have hard shells
What do we call the feathers of the bird that help to keep it warm?
Down feathers
Which bird feathers are water resistant?
Contour feathers
What are scales of reptiles made of?
Keratin
Describe the four bird adaptions for flight
• the have specializes wings and feathers for flight
• they have lungs and special air sacs so they can get a sufficient amount of oxygen while flying
• their bones are hallow and criss crossed making them light but still strong
• they have many vines (not connected by joints) that are light and strong
What are two benefits of flight for birds?
When they are hunting they can see over much more land
When the seasons change they can migrate
What is it called when birds move to different areas during different seasons?
Migration
Nearly all birds use their body heat to keep their eggs warm. What is this called?
Incubation
Name 2 characteristics that distinguish mammals from other animals?
They have hair at some point in their lives
They produce milk
The special glands that produce milk are called...
Mammary glands
What we call the time when a mammals is developing inside of its mother?
Gestation
In mammals, what organ transports nutrients, water, and oxygen from the mother's blood to the developing embryo?
Placenta
Some mammals, like whales and dolphins, have a layer of fat called blubber. Specifically where on/in the body can blubber be found?
Between the skin and muscle
What is believed to be the first animal on earth?
Sponge
Define "sessile"
Sessile means it is stationary and does not move
Describe in detail the feeding mechanism of a sponge
A sponge is feeding continuously because it is a filter feeder. The sponge has pores where the water and food go. The pores lead to bigger canals, the food and water is then moved through the sponge and into it by flagella.
Two types of cnidarians
Polyp- hair goes up
Medusa- hair goes down
Cnidarians tentacles are filtered with capsules called____
Nematocyst
Why are jellyfish constantly swimming?
Jellyfish are constantly swimming gbecause when they swim they are creating a current to bring in prey
Hermaphrodites
When an animal produces both sperm and egg
Similarities and differences between cnidarians and Ctenophores
Similarities-
• live in the water
• can reproduce sexually
• both have radial body symmetry
Differences-
• cnidarians can reproduce asexually
• Ctenophores do not reproduce asexually
The tiny hair/bristles on an earth worm that help it move are called ____
Setae
All earthworms have a clitellum. What is contained within the clitellum?
Sperm and egg
What do we call the organ in an earthworm that helps to grind food prior to digestion
Gizzard
What are the three phyla of worms?
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Which worm phylum includes earthworms and leeches
Annelida
Which worm phylums are so simple they often don't have a digestive system
Platyhelminthes
Which worm phylum includes all roundworms
Nematoda
What are two traits that are characteristics of ALL Mollusks
• at least one muscular foot
• soft-bodied
What are three classes of Mollusks?
Gastropods
Cephalopods
Bivalves
Cephlapods move using jet
...
Cephlapods move using jet
...
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