Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Environmental Final

Terms in this set (56)

ocean zones
euphotic, hadal, bathyal, abyssal, estuary, coastal
Euphotic
Vertical, upper zone
Bathyal
Vertical, middle zone, dark zone, extends 1000 meters-4000 meters, only visible light produce by organisms, immense water pressure, animals are colored black or red
Abyssal
Vertical, lower zone, 4000 m-6000 m, water near freezing, no light, very few organisms (tiny squid, basket stars), 3/4 of ocean floor in this zone
Hadal Ocean Zone
6000 m- bottom of ocean, made up of deep water trenches/canyons, just above freezing, high pressure (8 tons per square inch), starfish and tube worms can survive
Inter-tidal factors
Abiotic, biotic, limiting
Abiotic inter tidal factors
Water, depth, temperature, turbulence, salinity, Ph balance, winds, and sediment
Biotic inter tidal factors
Human impact, density of algae/kelp, population of plants, mollusks, crustaceans, worms, fish and mammals
Limiting inter tidal factors
Light, heat, mechanical support, organic matter, nutrients, water/air quality, predation, competition, geographic space
Inter tidal zones
Spray, high tide, middle tide, low tide
Spray inter tidal zone
Area farthest from shore, wet only from storm waves, heat, wind, freshwater influences
Spray inter tidal zone influences
Heat, wind, freshwater
High tide inter tidal zone
Below spray zone, only wet during high tides, temp, light, wind, salt influences
High tide inter tidal zone influences
Temperature, light, wind, salt content
Middle tide inter tidal zone
Below high tide zone, covered twice a day, organisms covered and uncovered by water twice for air exposure
Low tide inter tidal zone
Organisms almost always covered
Sandy shores
Barrier to beaches, have sand dunes, low amounts of organisms
Rocky shores
Organisms attach to rocks, more organisms
Tuna's temperature system
maintain body temp higher than water temp
Thunnus
Ability to maintain body temp higher than water by heat transfer slowing down cooling system, faster, better digestion
Fish coloration patterns
Counter, advertising, warning, disruptive
Counter coloration pattern
Protective, blends into ocean so predators can't see
Advertising coloration pattern
Attracts attention and advertise special service
Warning coloration pattern
Warns other species to stay away
Disruptive coloration pattern
Mixed colors give the appearance of more than 1 species
Water specific heat capacity
1 gram Celsius= 4.186 joule/gram Celsius, higher than any common substance, why ocean influences temp regulation
Symbiotic relationships
Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
Mutualism
both organisms benefit
Commensalism
1 organism benefits the other isn't harmed
Parasitism
Parasite benefits, host is harmed
Ocean's primary producers
Algae, bacteria
Algae
Protist kingdom, base of food chain, single celled= plankton, multi celled= kelp
Bacteria
Monera kingdom, single celled= decomposer, multi celled= sulfate bacteria (hydro vents, dark part of ocean)
Thermocline
Steep temperature difference, top layer of water=warm, bottom layer=cold
Food web roles
Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary producers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumer, Apex predator, decomposer
Primary producers/autotrophs
Plants/organisms that produce food/energy
Example: phytoplankton, algae
Primary consumer/heterotroph
Eats primary producers
Example: mussels, clams, shrimp
Secondary consumer/heterotroph
Eats primary consumers
Example: crab, lobster
Tertiary consumer
Eats secondary consumer
Example: dolphin
Apex predator
Top of food chain, no predator
Example: shark, humans
Decomposer/ detritivore
Break down dead animal and plant matter and turns Ito energy and nutrients
Examples: worms, fungi
Which sea animal evolved last?
Otter
Plastics in our ocean sources
litter, not separating garbage correctly, inefficient transport of trash
Plastics in our ocean impact
Kill animals (sea turtles, fish, sea birds) when plastic is eaten, animals get tangled and injured, suffocated plants
Plastics in our ocean solutions
Reduce, reuse, recycle, coastal cleanups, dispose of trash properly
Coriolis
force that deflects wind, applies movement to rotating object, perpendicular to earths axis (earths axis: west to east), spins north to south, pushes wind and ocean currents, wind bends right in northern hemisphere, wind bands left in Southern Hemisphere, counter clockwise in northern hemisphere and clockwise in Southern Hemisphere
Ocean dead zone
Low oxygen area in oceans, hypoxic, occurs when there is excessive nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorous), causes eutrophication where excessive algae grows and uses up all oxygen
Ocean dead zone sources
Human activities such as using synthetic fertilizers, agricultural runoff, sewage and car emissions
Ocean dead zone impacts
Organisms suffocate and die, causes reproductive problems in fish such as: lack if spawning and low egg counts
Ocean dead zone solutions
Don't use synthetic fertilizers, no till farming and restore wetlands to create buffer zone for excess nutrients
Zonation
Different species occupy different sections of ocean gradient (zones)
Inter tidal zone definition
Area above water between high and low tide marks
Sea level rise sources
Human source, Burning of fossil fuels (driving cars, ect.) and global warming overall warms the ocean causing glaciers/ice caps to melt and thermal expansion
Sea level rise impact
Coral reef destruction because they can't access sunlight, people leaving twit homes and work, increase in storms
Sea level rise solutions
Switch to green energy solution, carpool/bike/walk, buy efficient appliances
Sea level rise
The rising of the sea level due to an increase in global temperature due to global warming due to burning fossil fuels due to humans
Students also viewed