Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

14) Mutualism

Terms in this set (36)

what is the difference between symbiotic and non-symbiotic
in a symbiotic mutualisms there is a physiological integration between the two organisms
what are the 3 types of mutualisms (+,+)
1) Trophic
2) Habitat
3) Service
_______ involves organisms that receive food (nutrients & energy) from their mutualistic partners:

a. service mutualism
b. trophic mutualisms
c. habitat mutualisms
Trophic mutualisms: involve organisms that receive food (nutrients & energy from their mutualistic partners
_______ involves organisms that receive a suitable habitat from their mutualistic partners:

a. service mutualism
b. trophic mutualisms
c. habitat mutualisms
habitat mutualisms: involve organisms that receive a suitable habitat from their mutualistic partners
________involves organisms that receive vital services (such as dispersal or defense) from their mutualistic partners:

a. service mutualism
b. trophic mutualisms
c. habitat mutualisms
service mutualism: involves organisms that receive vital services from their mutualistic partners
what are 5 examples of symbiotic mutualisms
1) Mycorrhizae and plant roots
2) Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in root nodules
3) Bacteria and protozoans in animal guts
4) Lichens and fungi
5) Corals and zooxanthellae
what is mycorrhizae?
its FUNGI that wrap around and extend within plant roots, plus they also spread out through the surrounding soil
why is the relationship between mycorrhizae and plants mutually symbiotic?
- the fungi provide inorganic nutrients from the soil to the plants

- in response the plants provide photosynthates to the fungi.
what type of mutualism is there between mycorrihzae and plants?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic mutualism between mycorrhizae and plants
what is the difference between endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae?
- ecto is outside of the root, so they don't enter plant cells

- endo enters the root cells and covers more root surface area.
why is the relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and root nodules mutually symbiotic
- bacteria fix soil nitrogen ( which plants cannot do) and provide it to the plants.

- plants provide photosynthates and shelter to the bacteria
what type of mutualism is there between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and root nodules?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic and habitat mutualism between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and root nodules
why is the relationship between bacteria and protozoans in animal guts mutually symbiotic?
- bacteria/protozoans break down CELLULOSE and other indigestible substances for the animals.

- animals provide nutrients and shelter to the bacteria/protozoan
what type of mutualism is there between bacteria/protozoans and animal gut?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there are Trophic and habitat mutualisms between bacteria/protozoans and animal gut
what are lichens
they are unicellular green algae or cyanobacteria living within fungi.
why is the relationship between lichens and fungi mutually symbiotic
- the algae/bacteria provide photosynthates to the fungi

- the fungi provide inorganic nutrients and shelter to the algae/bacteria
what type of mutualism is there between lichens and fungi?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there are trophic and habitat mutualisms between lichens and fungi
what are zooxanthellae
also called dinoflagellates, are organisms that live within the tissues of corals
why is the relationship between zooxanthellae and corals mutually symbiotic
- zooxanthellae provide photosynthates to the corals, as well as stimulate the production of reef material

- corals provide inorganic nutrients and shelter to the zoothanthellae
what type of mutualism is there between zooxanthellae and corals?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic and habitat mutualism between zooxanthallae and corals
what are 5 examples of non-symbiotic mutualisms
1) flowers an animals
2) fruits and animals
3) leaf cutter ants and fungus gardens
4) cleaner fish and client fish
5) ants and acacia trees
why is pollination a non-symbiotic mutualism
-flowering plants provide food (nectar) to pollinating animals (insects, birds, bats)

- animals disperse the plant gametes (pollen) from one plant to another, resulting in fertilization
what type of mutualism is there between flowering plants and pollinating animals?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic and service mutualism between flowering plants and pollinating animals
why is the relationship between flowering plants and fruit-eating animals non-symbiotic
- flowering plants provide food to fruit-eating animals

- animals disperse the seeds of the plants with their feces
what type of mutualism is there between flowering plants and fruit-eating animals?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic and service mutualism between flowering plants and fruit eating animals
why is the relationship between leaf cutter ants and fungus gardens non-symbiotic
- leaf cutter ants maintain gardens of fungi within their colonies

- ants cut and bring leaves to the fungi for decomposition, as well as "fertilize" the fungi with inorganic nutrients.

- fungi break down the cellulose in the leaves to a form that is edible for the ants
what type of mutualism is there between leaf cutter ants and fungi gardens?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic and habitat mutualism between leaf cuter ants and fungi gardens
why is the relationship between cleaner and client fish non-symbiotic?
- the cleaner fish feeds on parasites of the client fish, frequently within the mouth

- the cleaner fish receives food

- the client fish receives defense from parasites.
what type of mutualism is there between cleaner and client fish?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
there is a trophic and service mutualism between cleaner and client fish
why is the relationship between ants and acacia trees non-symbiotic
what the acacia tree contributes:
- ants live in thorns along the branches of acacia trees
- trees provide shelter to ants in their thorns
- trees also provide food to the ants in the form of energy rich droplets called beltian bodies at the tips of their leaflets

what the ant contributes:
- the ants defend the acacia tree
- ants fight off any animals that try to feed on the tree, as well as any competing plants that come into contact with the tree
what type of mutualism is there between ants and acacia trees?

a. trophic mutualism
b. habitat mutualism
c. service mutualism
d. more than one of the above
- there is a trophic, service, and habitat mutualism between the ants and acacia trees.
_________ is the most common and important type of commensalism.

a. cellular respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. decomposition
decomposition is the most common and important type of commensalism (+,0).
what is a decomposer
- it is an organism that obtains nutrients from dead organisms (detritus), which are not positively or negatively affected.

- a decomposer is also called a detrivore
what are some common examples of decomposers
1) bacteria
2) fungi
3) certain animals ( bettles, millipeds, vultures)
what are ecological engineers
- they provide habitat for other organisms without themselves being affected
decomposers are the __ organism in a (+,0) commensalistic relationship and ecological engineers are the ___ organism

a. (+,+)
b. (0,+)
c. (+,0)
decomposers are "+"
ecological engineers are "0"
Sets found in the same folder