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19) Primary and Secondary Production

Terms in this set (36)

what is primary production
it refers to the chemical energy of food molecules generated by autotrophs, derived from the fixation (reduction) of CO2 during photosynthesis.
what is gross primary production (GPP)
it is the total amount of carbon fixed by autotrophs in an ecosystem.
autotrophs use _____ of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis for CELLULAR RESPIRATION to maintain their own cells, tissues, and organs

a. a fraction
b. half
c. all
b. half
_________ is the energy source for all organisms

a. the sun
b. primary production
c. secondary production
b. primary production
what is net primary production (NPP)
it is the difference of GPP and respiration
Net primary production:

a. represents the biomass gained by an autotroph
b. is the energy left over for consumption by herbivores and decomposers
c. is the dominant measure of productivity in an ecosystem
d. all of the above
d all of the above
______ and _____ are the primary producers in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
plants and phytoplankton are the primary producers in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
plants can adjust allocation of ____ to different organs (roots, leaves) to offset deficiencies in resources.

a. primary production
b. GPP
c. NPP
c. NPP
what factor(s) affect NPP in terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.

a. terrestrial: nutrient availability; aquatic: climate
b. terrestrial: precipitation; aquatic: temperature
c. terrestrial: climate; aquatic: nutrient availability
c. terrestrial: climate; aquatic: nutrient availability
temperature influences the enzymes that facilitate photosynthesis. as temperature _____, NPP ______.

a. decreases, increases;
b. increases, decreases;
c. increases, increases;
c. increases, increases;
if temperature is too ______, the enzymes are _____.

a. low, optimal
b. high, optimal
c. high, denatured
c. high, denatured.
water availability influences photosynthesis via the opening and closing of stomata. as precipitation ______, NPP _____.

a. increases, increases
b. increases, decreases
c, decreases, increases
a. increases, increases
with very ____precipitation, NPP may _____ because of greater cloud cover and less sunlight.

a. high, increase
b. low, increase
c. high, decrease
c. high, decrease
NPP in ____ ecosystems such as lakes is often limited by _______.

a. lentic, calcium
b. lotic, phosphorus
c. lentic, phosphorus
c. lentic, phosphorus
one study found that adding phosphorus to lakes resulted in an increase of _________

a. cyanobacteria
b. plankton
c. phytoplankton
d. a and c
cyanobacteria and phytoplankton
NPP in lotic ecosystems such as rivers and streams is usually _______.

a. low
b. average
c. high
a. low
why is NPP in lotic ecosystems low?
because water flow limits phytoplanktonic growth
the majority of energy in lotic systems is derived from ___

a. phytoplankton
b. terrestrial organic matter
c. sunlight
b. terrestrial organic matter.
NPP in marine ecosystems is______

a. low
b. average
c. high
d. varies
d. varies
coral reefs, kelp forests and estuaries are ______ since they are near the shore.

a. not productive
b. a little productive
c. very productive
c. very productive
which elements limit oceanic NPP:

a. phosphorus
b. nitrogen
c. iron
d. nitrogen and iron
d. nitrogen and iron
terrestrial ecosystems GLOBAL NPP is ______ compared to aquatic ecosystem NPP

a. lower
b. higher
c. equal
B. HIGHER
where are the highest rates of NPP on land found

a. deserts
b. grasslands
c. tropics
c. tropics
why do tropics have the highest NPP
they have high temperatures and precipitation leading to high rates of NPP
______ account for high amounts of oceanic NPP in relation to their limited area

a. coral reefs
b. coastal zones
c. open ocean
b. coastal zones
_______ accounts for the majority of oceanic NPP due to its massive volume.

a. coral reefs
b. coastal zones
c. open ocean
c. open ocean
coastal zones have _____ oceanic NPP, compared to the open ocean.

a. higher
b. lower
c. eequal
b. lower
the deep sea was thought to have few life forms until ______ were discovered

a. deep sea coral reefs
b. hydrothermal vents
c. underwater volcanoes
b. hydrothermal vents
which organisms were found along hydrothermal vents:

a. polychaete worms
b. clams
c. crabs
d. echinoderms
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
how do deep sea organisms obtain energy?

a. from photosynthesis
b. from detritus
c. from chemosynthesis
c. chemosynthesis
what is chemosynthesis
during chemosynthesis, bacteria use chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide as electron donors to convert CO2 into organic carbon.
how do deep see organisms obtain the energy from chemosynthesis
hydrothermal vent clams and worms are found to have chemoautotroph bacteria living symbiotically within their bodies.
what is secondary production
it refers to the energy derived from the consumption of organic molecules that were produced by other organisms.
some organic matter consumed by heterotrophs is incorporated into _____, while some is used during ________ and some is _______.

a. waste, egestion, for cellular respiration
b. biomass, egestion, for cellular respiration
c. biomass, cellular respiration, egested
c. biomass, cellular respiration, egested
what is Net Secondary Production (NSP)
NSP is ingestion minus respiration minus egestion.
NSP in most ecosystems is a _______ of NPP.

a. a fraction
b. some
c. half
d. a lot
a . a fraction
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