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Bio Ch 1

Terms in this set (22)

Describe seven properties common to all life
1. Order
2. reproduction
3. growth + development
4. energy + processing
5. response to environment
6. regulation
7. evolutionary adaptation
Describe the levels of biological organization from molecules to the biosphere, noting the interrelationships between levels.
molecule
organelle
cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
Define the concept of emergent properties and describe an example of it.
In each step moving up the hierarchy of organization, more new properties arise. For example, an organ system is capable of more than an organ.
Explain why cells are a special level in biological organization. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cells = fundamental unit of life. Cells can regulate their internal environment, take in/use energy, respond to environment, complex organization to arise new cells
Prokaryotic - originated first, smaller and more simple than a eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell - contains a nucleus (has DNA), membrane enclosed organelles, in plants/animals/fungi
Compare the dynamics of nutrients and energy in an ecosystem.
producers - the plants the produce the nutrients
consumers - eat other plants and animals to absorb the nutrients
decomposers - recycle the nutrients back into the environment
*one way flow & recycling of chemical nutrients
sunlight --> chemical energy --> heat
Explain how DNA encodes a cell's information.
DNA has 4 building blocks called bases. All DNA has the same building blocks, but the sequence of DNA is where it differs from person to person.
Compare the three domains of life.
Bacteria - most diverse and widespread prokaryotes
Archea - prokaryotes in extreme environments
Eukarya - only eukaryotes
Describe the process and products of natural selection. Explain why individuals cannot evolve.
Population can produce more than the environment can support. Survival of the fittest. Those that are traits that are more suitable in the environment are more likely to reproduce and pass down their traits hereditarily. Evolution occurs through a population over a generation, not through individuals because traits need to be passed down over time.
Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative - numerical data
Qualitative data - observation based data (color, texture)
Compare the definitions and use of inductive and deductive reasoning in scientific investigations.
Inductive - general conclusions from many experiments
Deductive - used to test a hypothesis and find a conclusion
Distinguish between a scientific theory and a hypothesis.
Theory - broader than a hypothesis, significant amount of evidence, tested repeatedly
Hypothesis - testable, falsifiable, lead to predictions, specific
Distinguish between the scientific definition and common use of the word theory.
The scientific definition is something that has been tested repeatedly and has a large amount of evidence to prove the scientific discovery. The common definition is used when someone has a guess to explain a situation but does not have facts or experiments to prove it.
Describe the structure of a controlled experiment and give an example.
A controlled experiment compares the experimental and control group, differing only by one factor. For example if you're experimenting if fertilizer helps a plant grow, the will differ by using fertilizer or not but will be the same as far as water, sun, etc.
Compare the goals of science and technology. Explain why an understanding of science is essential to our lives.
science: to understand natural phenomena
technology: to apply science for a purpose
Explain how evolution impacts the lives of all humans.
Based on what humans do, evolution will impact different species. Not all changes are good. Bacteria developed a resistance to antibiotics and pests developed a resistance to pesticides.
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