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Microbiology Chapter 22

Terms in this set (69)

This disease is associated with true fungal pathogens or opportunistic pathogen
Mycosis
This organism causes ringworm and athlete's foot
dermatophytes
This fungi can invade and grow in a healthy, noncompromised host
true or primary fungal pathogens
This fungal growth grows as mold at 30 degrees Celsius and as yeast at 37 degrees Celsius
thermal dimorphism
When fungal spores from the environment gain entrance to a warm-blooded animal it germinates and remain in this phase
yeast phase
Wyeast cells leave the animals host it returns to the environment and revert to this state which can be demonstrated on artificial media in the laboratory
sporulating hyphal state
Many people assume that hospitals are sanitary due to their stringent disinfection procedures however hospitals and clinics are the most common habitats for
fungi
transmissible fungal infection can cause ringworm and athlete's foot and can be passed by sharing personal articles, public facilities, swimming pools, gymnasiums, and contact with infected animals
dermatophytoses
A patient with this infection can die within 5 to 6 days if the infection is not detected and treated because therapy can vary among the pathogenic fungi
Candida infection
This infection presents a dilemma for hospitals having to maintain patients with conditions that inhibits their ability to fight off infection and keeping them from getting infections
opportunistic mycotic infection
This organism causes Ohio Valley Fever
Histoplasma capsulatum
This organism causes Valley Fever
Coccidioides immitis
This organism has the greatest endemic occurrence in the Midwest region of the United States
Histoplasmosis
This organism is endemic in the Southwest region of the United State
Coccidiodomycosis
Very virulent, hyphae is block shaped, dimorphic, dormant in winter and spring, and causes Valley Fever, these are characteristics of
Coccidomycosis immitis
Known as North American Blastomycosis, dimorphic, can be cutaneous and pulmonary, large ovoid yeasts with broad-based buds, these are all characteristics of
Blastomyces dermititidis
This organism causes Ohio Valley Fever, has growth on media below 35 degrees Celsius is characterized by a white or brown, hair like mycelium and growth at 37 degrees Celsius produces a creamy white textured colony
Histoplasma capsulatum
Persistent colonization of patients with emphysema and bronchitis causes this infection which is a complication that has signs and symptoms similar to those of tuberculosis
chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis
If a patient has darkly colored, tumor like vegetations, and scar tissue on the hand the patient most likely has
cutaneous blastomycosis
The anthrospores of this organism are light weight and readily inhaled, they convert to spherules, which swell, sporulate, burts, and release spores that continues the cycle
C. immitis
This is another disease elicited when soil microbes are accidently implanted into the skin is
mycetoma
This is a progressive subcutaneous mycosis characterized by highly visible verrucous
Chromoblastomycosis
This organism is the cause of sporotrichosis and is also known as Rose Gardner disease
Sporothrix Schencki
This organism is caused by Pseudalescheria or Madurella
Mycetoma
This organism resides in warm, temperature, and moist areas of the tropics and semitropics, where it decomposes plant matter in soil humans
sporothrix
When certain fungi are transferred from soil or plants directly into traumatized skin, fungi can invade the damaged site some infection are termed this because they involve tissues with in and just below the skin
subcutaneous
A prick by a rose thorn is the classic origin of cutaneous form of infection, which has given rise to its common name and is another name for Sporotrichosis
Rose-Gardner's Disease
In this organism the fungus grows at the site of penetration and develops a small, hard, nontender nodule within a few days to months and infection often progresses along the regional lymphatic channels
Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
If a patient comes in with a sore accompanied by a series of nodules and ulcers running along the lymphatic channels of the arm the patient most likely has
lymphocytaneous sporotrichosis
If a patient came in with ulceration, swelling, and scarring of the foot the patient most likey has
madura foot
A disease caused by infection with a fungus
Mycosis
A mycotic infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues characterised by the development in tissue of dematiaceous (brown-pigmented), planate-dividing, rounded sclerotic bodies
Chromoblastomycosis
It is a dimorphic fungus that exists in two distinct forms, saprophytic and parasitic.
primary reservoir is Soil
Coccidioides immitis primary
Mycoses are presented according to?
type, level of infection, and degree of pathogenicity
An mycotic Infections can be controlled by what medications?
intravenous amphotericin B, flucytosine, azoles, and nystatin
Blastomycosis is a rare fungal infection usually acquired by inhaling the spores of a fungus called?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
What is a dimorphic fungus that remains in a mycelial form at ambient temperatures and grows as yeast at body temperature in mammals. And also called Ohio Valley Fever
Histoplasma capsulatum
Which class of antifungal drugs inhibits an enzyme in egosterol synthesis and is administered topically to treat dermatophyte infections?
Allylamines
Restricted to endemic regions of the world
Infection conidia is disturbed
Spores germinate in the lungs
Infection can become systemic
Spores may be inoculated into the skin
All diseases result in immunity
systemic Infections by True Pathogens
Digging in soil inhaled arthrospores establish a
lung infection An arthrospore develops into a spherule that produces endospore; endospores
are released in the lungs
transmission of an Coccidioides Infection
Dermatophytic fungi attack the skin, nail, hair and what compound?
Keratin
Topical antifungal agents such as tolnaftate, miconazole is Treatment of what fungal infection?
dermatophytes
Negative stain demonstrating encapsulated budding yeast Biochemical tests, serological testing Systemic infection requires amphotericin B and fluconazole
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans
Thrush, Vulvovaginal yeast infection, Cutaneous candidiasis --These infections are caused by what
Candida
Tinea capitis, Tinea barbae and tinea corporis are types of what?
ringworm
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is the most prominent opportunistic infection in HIV patients
Because of what?
HIV. Because their immune system is weaken and has no ability to fight.
What are extremely abundant saprobic fungi found in soil, water, organic debris, and food
Genera most often involved are Rhizopus, Absidia, and Mucor
Zygomycota
Cryptococcus, Alternaria, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Rhizopus,Torulopsis, Candida - Aspergillus . What kind of Mycoses are these?
Opportunistic Mycoses
Aflatoxin toxic and carcinogenic are types of what toxins?
Fungal toxins
What is candidiasis?
an infection caused by a group of microscopic fungi or yeast.
Amphotericin B is the only available antifungal that has some proven efficacy against the what fungus
Zygomycosis
Candida attacks the keratin and the skin and nails is called what
Onychomycosis
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is also known as what ?
yeast infection
This mold can produce necrotic pneumonia and infection of brain, heart, and other organs?
invasive aspergillosis
A very common airborne soil fungus; serious opportunistic threat to AIDS, leukemia, and transplant patients; infection usually in lungs but can colonize sinuses, ear canals, eyelids, and conjunctiva
Aspergillosis
How does Zygomycosis enters the body
respiration and grows in blood vessels through palate and spreads to eyes and brain
A numbe of mushrooms and mold contains ________ and acts on the CNS, liver, GI-TRACT, bone marrow, or kidneys.
Mycotoxins
Underlying debilities that seem to increase the risk for _______ are leukemia, malnutrition, and skin damage?
zygomycosis
A patient came into the ER with her tongue covered in white bumps and my mouth is so sensitive what is the name of this fungal infection
thrush
What is the disease caused by ingesting or inhaling fungal toxins?
myotoxicosis
Identify a common source of atopic allergies.
Aiborne fungal spores
Identify a common source of atopic allergies.
Aspergillus
Aflatoxins, a carcinogen, cause liver damage and can lead to?
Cancer
A free-living fungus accidentally infect the deep appendages. What layer does it effect?
Sporotrichiosis
Dermatophytose is cause by a fungi called dermatophyte. Determine what mycoses this is on?
Cutaneous mycosis
What is the difference between fungal infections and fungal allergies?
Fungal allergies damages immune response. Fungal infections attack host
Compare the differences between aflatoxin and atrnones.
Aflatoxin causes liver cancer:, atranones causes hematologic and neurological damage
Hypothesize why the farmers lung disease is called by that name.
Allergies are named after the type of worker most likely affected.
A patient presents a rash that becomes a moist dermatitis, a nosebleed and chest pain. He tells you that he has been working in an od building. For his follow up they found Satratoxin-H in his lab results. From what mold is this toxin produced?
Stachybotrys chartarum. (Black mold)
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