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5 level #2

Terms in this set (243)

user
the level of maintenance that included actions relating to the proper operation, daily inspection, cleaning, simple lubrication, and minor exterior repair and operational adjustment of equipment is called
organizational
Inspecting, servicing, lubricating, adjusting, repairing, calibrating, modifying, and replacing parts of assemblies and subassemblies are included in what level of maintenance?
depot
Major repairs, overhauls, rebuilding of components and subassemblies, manufacture of parts are normally limited to what level of maintenance?
preventive
What level of maintenance included the systematic care, servicing, and inspection of equipment, and detection and correction of all minor faults before they develop into major defects?
unscheduled
What type of maintenance involves troubleshooting to isolate the cause of equipment malfunction, and replacing or adjusting components or subsystems to restore normal function, safety, performance, and reliability of medical equipment?
Press any other switch or the safety stop plate
How can you stop a dental chair once the preposition or auto return switch is activated?
Consult the manufacturer's instructions and adjust them.
What must you do if the preset positions of the preposition or auto return switches on the dental chair are not correct for treatment?
Swivel/brake
What feature allows the dental chair to rotate to approximately 45 degrees from either side of the center and then lock in position?
BMET
Repairing or replacing the inner workings of the dental chair's hydraulic and electrical systems is done by the
3-way syringe and handpiece water spray only
What dental unit system is affected by a malfunctioning water system?
low pressure and high volume
The dental unit's HVE works on the principle of
master ON - OFF switch
The air and water to the dental unit's control system is turned on by the
drive air pressure guage
A visual indication of the pressure to the handpiece in psi is displayed on the
Handpiece lock-out toggle
When the burs are being placed or removed which item is used as a safety precaution to control drive air and coolant?
Unscrew the tip nut completely to remove the tip
What step does not apply when removing and replacing the 3 way syringe?
treatment site without projecting shadows
When the light is properly positioned, it will illuminate the
guard the bulb from collecting finger oils that can affect performance and bulb life
Always use the wrapper to protect the bulb when installing it into the dental light in order to
Straight attachment
Which low-speed handpiece attachment uses a notches, short shank, 1/2- inch rotary instrument?
High speed
Which handpiece is used in cavity preparations to remove the bulk of enamel, dentin, and old metal restorations?
The manufacturers instructions contain information on lubrication requirements only
Which statement does not apply to proper maintenance of the high speed handpiece?
Eye strain and fatigue are increased
Which statement about using fiber optics in dentistry does not apply?
Wet a cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol and use it on both ends of the handpiece before sterilization
How do you clean the handpiece's fiber optic surfaces?
Electric
Which handpiece is portable, lightweight, and has variable speeds of 2,500 to 25,000 rpm?
Monthly
How often should mobile chair caster bearings be lubricated?
unplug the unit, turn it upside down, and gently rotate it back and forth
To remove objects that have fallen through the prong opening of an amalgamator,
patients and staff to wear protective glasses that match the units radiation output
When using the VLC unit, the high intensity light radiation emitted requires
in the ear
Where is the tympanic thermometer places in order to record a patient's temp
checking for communicable diseases to determine the level of infection control requires
Before a patients appointment, both you and the dentist screen the patients dental health record for all of the following reasons except
escort the patient to the designated place
When your patient is referred to another area in the clinic, you should
the paper side facing outward
The proper way to place a routine plastic-backed paper drape on a patient is with
Surgical
What type of drape is used when there is a good chance of contamination?
toward the area BENEATH the patients chin and turn the light on to adjust toward the appropriate arch
You have a patient seated and draped. Your next step is to position the light. To do this properly, you position the light
To determine if there have been any changes since the patient was last treated
If the medical health history form for a patient is current, why must you interview the patient before beginning treatment?
Listen and accept the patients attitudes and perceptions without judging
Since it is not always easy for the patients to share private, personal info, how should you discuss each question on the AF form 696 with a patient?
Artificial heart valves, congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever, or heart murmur
Which patient diseases or conditions could require antibiotic treatment prior to dental treatment?
Congestive heart failure
Which disease or condition may cause a patient to be unable to tolerate the supine position used for most dental procedures?
angina pectoris
At the time of dental treatment, you should always ensure that a patient has his or her nitroglycerin medication if he or she has
physician reduces the dosage
If a patient on anticoagulants is having dental treatment, the
supplemental oxygen
What should be readily available for patients with severe emphysema
clearance by Public Health
What is required before patients with active tuberculosis can receive non-emergency (routine) dental treatment?
a source of sugar
You must suspect a patient is experiencing insulin shock. In this situation you would administer
a kidney transplant, severe renal disease, and dialysis treatment
When a patient indicates a history of kidney trouble, it is important that you identify if this patient has had
liver
What disease is usually associated with an excess of bilirubin causing the skin and eyes to turn yellow?
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
Which hepatitis types are transmitted by viruses and have carrier states?
Emergency
What type of dental treatment can be provided for a patient undergoing chemotherapy?
second
For pregnant patients, what trimester is considered the best time to provide dental treatment?
early detection, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension
Dental clinics support which of these medical objectives of the hypertension screening program?
on the AF IMT 696 and SF 603 or SF 603A
The patients blood pressure reading is routinely recorded
Nib
What is the working part of a condensing dental instrument?
near the center
The identification number of a double-ended dental instrument is usually found
formula number
The width, length, angle, and sometimes the anangle or curvature of a dental instrument blade is described by the
explorer
Which instrument is used to detect minute breaks in the pits and fissures, find defective margins or restorations, and check the depth of cavities?
at room temp.
store anesthetic carpules
punch
To make the necessary spaced holes in a rubber dam, you would use the rubber dam
#00, #w00, and #2
Which rubber dam clamp sizes are commonly used in pediatric dentistry?
Vernier caliper
The instrument commonly referred to as a Boley guage is the
Iwanson spring caliper
Which type of guage is available with sharp points for porcelain and metal, and rounded points for wax and plastic?
Shank
Which part of a bur fits into a handpiece?
is brittle and has a tendency to fracture under pressure
A disadvantage of a carbide bur is that it
556, 557, 558, 559, and 560
Which numbers identify straight crosscut fissure burs?
Inverted cone
Which bur is the best suited for making undercuts in cavity preparation?
Concave, tapered fissure
What is the shape of a #6 finishing bur?
Diamond
Which type of bur is available in a wide variety of sizes and grits?
Coarse
What disk grit type is used on a dental rotary instrument for gross reduction and contouring?
Safe-sided
What do you call an abrasive disk that only has one side covered with abrasives?
within an arms length
To maintain the dental teams seated position, where do you place objects used during four-handed dental treatment?
providers hands and eyes remain in the treatment zone
When four-handed dentistry is performed, the
8 and 11 o'clock position, and the right handed assistant is between the 2 and 4 o'clock position
When performing four-handed dentistry procedures, a right handed provider is between the
assistants zone
In four-handed dentistry, instruments and materials are located in the
4 to 6 inches above the providers eye level
When performing four-handed dentistry, the dental assistants eye level should be
in front
To provide support during four-handed dentistry, position the curved, movable armrest of the assistants chair
close to the treatment area and parallel to the instrument being used
In four-handed dentistry, the next instrument in the working stage is held
toward the treatment site
In four-handed dentistry, how should you position the working end of the instrument you are passing to the provider?
parallel the handles before the exchange
Instruments becoming tangled during the instrument exchange are usually caused by a failure to
insert the carpule with the rubber stopper end in first, positioned toward the plunger, then attach the needle and engage the piston rod
The proper sequence for assembling the aspirating syringe is to
disengage the harpoon, remove the cartridge, and remove the needle
The disassembly sequence for the aspirating syringe is to
Water or water spray from the dental units 3-way syringe
Which of the following is used for irrigation during routine dental restorative procedures?
high volume ejector
To remove a large volume of fluid from an oral cavity without exerting injurious suction pressure to oral soft tissue, you would see
High volume/low pressure
What technique draws the handpiece water spray across the tooth cool and the cavity preparation clear of debris?
Firm enough to prevent slippage
What type of pressure do you apply to tissue you are retracting?
a ligature
To prevent the patient from aspirating or swallowing the rubber damn clamp, you use
upward and away from the forceps
The rubber damn clamp is placed onto the rubber dam forceps with the bow of the clamp facing
a dull instrument
To invert the rubber dam on the facial and lingual areas of the exposed teeth, you would use
cutting each septum from the facial aspect and pulling the dam lingually
When removing the rubber dam, remove the septa by
study casts, orthodontic casts, custom trays and mouthguards
In dentistry, preliminary impressions are used to fabricate
accelerates the set
What affect does heat have on alginate impression material?
upright with their head against the headrest and their occlusal plane parallel to the floor
When making a preliminary impression, patients should be
2 to 3 mm
How much space must be between the rim-lock impression tray and the occlusal or incisal edges of the tooth?
clean and rinse the impression under cool tap water and shake to remove excess water
To remove blood, mucous, and saliva from an alginate impression and ensure good surface detail, you
to prevent the material from running down the patients throat
While you are making maxillary impressions, have the patient lean forward
over the maxillary tuberosity and posterior teeth
To properly make a maxillary impression your first contact of the impression material is made
insert your finger facially and push down at the third molar area
To remove the maxillary impression from the patients mouth, you
move the dental light and bracket tray out of the way: lower the chair, and move the arm of the chair
Which procedure best describes how to position the dental chair and unit when dismissing the patient?
forgotten details could impact medical-legal accuracy of the dental health record and productivity reports
Which example best identifies why administrative tasks associated with patient treatment should not be delayed?
Keep a daily list of the stock items that are used
Which method best describes managing your treatment room stock levels?
in a cool, dark place
Hydrogen peroxide should be stored
Keep older items in front to use first, and check the expiration dates of items stamped or imprinted by the manufacturer
Which statement best identifies how to ensure the currency of dated items?
provide comprehensive dental care to meet the patients needs
Which of the following is not a purpose of the clinical examination?
diagnose patients urgent dental problems and refer non-emergency treatment to the appropriate treatment section
What is the purpose of dental sick call?
extraoral structures of the face and neck, and intraoral soft and and hard tissues
What should be included in the clinical examination of the patient is best described by an examination of the
performing administrative tasks requires to complete forms relating to direct patient care
When you assist in the examination section, a large portion of your time consists of
record carious debris from tooth cavities
What is the first step in developing a treatment plan?
matrix retainers
Devices used to hold metal bands firmly around a tooth, thereby forming a temporary mold for filling materials, are called
#2 and #15
Which amalgam matrix bands have aprons?
#1
What size is the universal or straight amalgam matrix band?
used as a temporary restoration
Which of the following is not a use for the matrix band?
wedge
What does the dentist use to force a matrix band or a strip tightly against irregular tooth surfaces to eliminate space that could result in an overhanging restoration?
Pin drill
What device is used to make a hole in the dentin portion of a tooth to receive pins of appropriate size?
condensers
The instruments used to pack amalgam into the cavity preparation are called
carver
Which instrument is used to shape, form, or cut tooth anatomy into amalgam restoration?
#1/2 Hollenback
Which instrument is designed for carving proximal surfaces?
compound
Which cavity involved two surfaces of the tooth?
Threaded pins
When tooth cusps or most of the tooth crown must be removed, how is retention obtained?
cleansing the cavity
What is the final step in cavity preparation?
placement of the restorative materials
Which dental procedure step requires the use of more instruments, causing instrument transfers to occur more rapidly?
before the amalgam is mixed
During the procedure, when are amalgam matrices assembled and placed?
small circumference of the band positioned toward the gingiva and the retainer parallel to the facial surface of the tooth
The assembled tofflemire and matrix band is positioned over the tooth with the
articulating paper placed on the teeth of the opposing quadrant, the patient is instructed to gently close the teeth together
The dentist checks the occlusion of the new restoration using
cervical matrix forms
Which matrices are placed, in cervical areas, after the restorative material is mixed and placed into the preparation?
and eye protection
The personal protective equipment that should be worn when handling scrap amalgam include mask, gloves,
disinfect using non-chlorine disinfectant, dry, and store in a sealed container for turn in
How must extracted teeth containing amalgam restorations be disposed of?
endodontics
What dental specialty is concerned with the treatment of diseases of the dental pulp and periapical tissue?
Gates-Glidden drill and Peeso reamer
Which rotary instruments are used primarily in the coronal third of the canal for enlarging the orifice, preparing post space, and flaring the canal?
barbed broach
The endodontic instrument used for the removal of intact pulp tissue from large canals is the root canal
Identified by an eight-pointed start symbol
Which one of the following does not describe a root canal reamer?
H-type file
Which endodontic instrument is formed by a series of interesting cones that become successively larger from the tip toward the handle?
traumatic blows
Which can cause trauma to the pulp as a result of common household accidents, auto collisions, or athletic injuries?
chemical irritation
Which is caused by leakage of oral fluids and beverages between a faulty restoration and dentin?
direct pulp cap
Which procedure involved placing a protective dressing over an exposed pulp?
pulpectomy
Which procedure is the removal of the pulp chamber and canal?
rubber dam
During endodontic therapy, what is used to isolate the tooth and maintain a dry field?
sodium hypochlorite
What is the solution used most often to irrigate the root canal?
exposing and measuring a pariapical radiograph with a reamer or file in canal
How is the estimated working length of the root canal verified?
additional gutta-percha points are placed laterally condensed until the space is filled completely
How is the space between the cemented master cone and root canal or pulp chamber filled?
zinc free amalgam alloy or super ortho-ethoxy benzoic acid (EBA) cement
What materials is placed in the recessed preparation of the root apex?
#62
Which type of surgical blade is used in a beaver-style scalpel and has a squared-end cutting style?
semicircular
The shape of suture needles used most often in dentistry is
natural gut
Which suture material is absorbable?
smaller the number, the larger the diameter
The size of the suture material indicates the
Tissue
Which type of forceps has working ends designed with a single, sharp-pointed extension that meshes in the middle of the opposing W-shaped end when the instrument is in the closed position?
rongeur forceps
What instrument is used to trim the projecting, uneven, or overhanging alveolar bone?
bone file
If the dentist calls for a Seldin #11, what type of instrument would you pass?
#301
Which root elevator has the smallest straight working end and is used when roots are deeply seated?
Cogswell B
Which root elevator has a working end shaped somewhat like a rounded toothpick tip?
Seldin #1L and #1R
Which root elevators are sometimes referred to as east-west elevators?
S, Z, and L
What is the overall shape of forceps used on the maxillary arch?
#1
To remove maxillary incisors and cuspids, which tooth extracting forceps are most effective?
maxillary molars
The tooth extracting forceps #53L and #53R are designed to remove
#88L and #88R
Which extracting forceps are called the maxillary cowhorns?
#151
Which extracting forceps are known as mandibular universal forceps?
#22
Which hawkbill-type forceps are used on mandibular molars?
#101
Which extracting forceps are used to remove both maxillary and mandibular cuspids, bicuspids, and any remaining roots?
#150S
Which extracting forceps are designed to remove maxillary deciduous teeth?
probe
What instrument is used to accurately determine the presence, depth, and form of periodontal pockets?
universal curette
Which periodontal instrument is designed to adapt to most areas of the dentition by altering and adapting the finger rest, fulcrum, and hand position?
area specific curette
Which periodontal instrument is the best choice for subgingival scaling and root planning because it provides the best adaptation to complex root anatomy?
Hirshfekd #3/7, #5/11, and #9/10
Which periodontal instruments have small heads with only three parallel blades and are used to remove calculus and root roughness in root furrows, deep pockets, and places where gingival tissues are tight?
Periosteal elevator
What type of instrument is the Kramer-Nevins #1?
Ochsenbein #1 and #2
Which periodontal surgical chisels have a semicircular indentation on both sides of the shank, allowing the instrument to engage around the tooth into the interdental area?
oral surgery
What area of dentistry provides surgical treatment or correction of diseases, defects, or injuries of the oral cavity and facial structures?
with intravenous conscious sedation, and certain oral or periodontal surgery procedures?
When should documented informed consent be obtained?
oral premedication
To help reduce a patients apprehension, what type of sedation is administered as an antianxiety, sedative, or hypnotic drug several hours before the surgical procedure?
intravenous
What is the optimal and most ideal route for conscious sedation?
in the presence of a witness
How must any remaining amounts of drugs used in intravenous sedation be disposed?
all inhalation sedations
Which pain and anxiety control methods require that a responsible adult must be present to provide necessary assistance during the immediate recovery period?
place them in a quiet area of the clinic with an escort
What should you do when patients who are premedicated with a sedative drug arrive before the scheduled appointment times?
palm-thumb grasp
What grasp is used to transfer surgical instruments?
Mirror, aspirating syringe, explorer, periosteal elevator, tooth elevator, and extraction forceps
Which best described the instrument sequence for a simple extraction?
a continual drip of saline solution on the bur while cutting the bone
What must you provide if the dentist used a surgical bur in a handpiece to remove bone?
mallet and chisel, or stryker handp9iece and surgical bur
What does the dentist use to divide or section the crown of the tooth into two or more parts to allow room for luxation and removal of the tooth?
ice for the first 24 hours in a cycle of 15 mins. on and 15 mins. off
Postsurgical swelling can be controlled by applying
limiting activities and avoid strenuous work or exercise for a few days
All of the following are postsurgical instructions not recommended to the oral surgery patient except
three to five says following surgery, regardless of the material or procedure
When can sutures be removed?
4
How many results are possible with the completion of the forensic examination?
2
How many members of the antemortem staff should review the composite record as a quality insurance check after charting is complete?
elimination of periodontal pockets
What is the primary function of periodontal treatment?
resorption of the alveolar bone and periodontal tissue are present
Periodontal treatment is indicated when
dental treatment history
What aspect of the periodontal examination provides valuable information regarding the dental status of the patient, such as oral hygiene habits and attitude toward dental health?
3
Wwhat symbol is used to indicate extensive tooth mobility in all directions
mirror, explorer, periodontal probe, cotton forceps, articulating paper forceps, rotary stones, rubber wheels and points, high-speed handpiece, articulating paper, occlusal waxes, and gauze sponges
Which best describes the items you'll need to prepare a tray setup for an occlusal equilibration procedure?
mirror, explorer, periodontal probe, cotton forceps, selected curettes and scalers, topical anesthetic, aspirating syringe, needles, anesthetic carpules, gauze sponges, cotton tip applicators, and aspirating tip
What items will you need to prepare setup for scaling and rooth planning, and gingival curettage procedures?
resume home routine care 72 hours after the procedure
All of the following statements are postoperative instructions for a patient following scaling, root planning, and curettage procedures except
intrabony
What are the pocket depths apical to the level of alveolar bone called?
subtractive
What type of osseous surgery is designed to restore the form of pre-existing alveolar bone to the level existing at the time of surgery or slightly more apical to it?
ostectomy
What procedure eliminated shallow osseous craters resulting from chronic periodontitis by their removal and reshaping of the tooth's supporting bone?
osteoplasty
What procedure is used to reshape bony ledges, overgrowths of bone, uneven bone margins, and abnormal form, without removing the supporting bone of the teeth?
guided tissue regeneration
What procedure involves the placement and removal of a membrane over the root surface of surgically exposed and debrided areas to prevent epithelia along the cemental wall of the pocket?
root amputation
Which procedure involved the complete removal of one or more roots of a multi-rooted tooth, without removal of any portion of the crown?
clinical desensitization and desensitizing toothpastes
Following periodontal surgery, what may be required if the patients teeth are sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli?
form a thin, dark line where the facial and lateral surfaces meet
When using the visual test for sharpness, a sharp instrument will
quickly sharpening very dull instruments
Mechanical instrument sharpening is best suited for
universal curette
Which instrument has two parallel cutting edges that converge in a rounded toe?
pull the instrument forward across the stone, rotating the blade away from the cutting edge
When using the stationary flat stone-moving instrument technique, which step is not involved in a single stroke?
substitutes or replaces oral structures
What is the function of the prosthodontics dentistry?
prosthodontist
Which dentist receives referrals for the most difficult cases requiring replacement of missing teeth?
Procedures to be done during the appointment and laboratory time required between appointments
What factors influence the scheduling of prosthodontics patients for treatment?
ask the dentist and coordinate with the labortory
What should you do if you are uncertain about the time allocation for various prosthodontics procedures?
DD form 2322
What form must you initiate whenever preliminary impressions are made?
after dismissing the patient
When does the assistant coordinate the prosthodontics cases with the dental laboratory?
treatment info, fabrication instructions, and is used as a precious metals credit voucher, and an entry form for composite laboratory value (CLV) codes
The DD form 2322, Dental Laboratory Work Authorization, contains
two
How many copies of DD Form 2322, must accompany a prosthetic case if the case is to be fabricated locally and precious metals are not requires?
four
How many copies of DD Form 2322, must accompany a prosthetic case if it is sent out to another laboratory for fabrication and the case requires precious metals?
at the servicing laboratory; 1
When and how many copies of the DD Form 2322 are retained in the Register of Precious Metals and Alloys if precious metals are expended?
Gritman #31
Which spatula do you use on the less delicate waxwork where detail is not required?
roach carver
When smoothing wax in the dental laboratory, which is the best instrument to use?
compound
Which prosthodontics knife do you use to trim impression wax and requires an extremely sharp cutting edge?
plaster
Which prosthodontics knife do you use to trim and chisel impression compounds?
denture trimming
What type of bur is used only in straight handpieces and lathes in the dental laboratory?
#114
Which type of dental pliers do you use to contour crowns, fit bands, and have beaks that are shaped similar to a ball and socket?
crown remover
Which dental pliers, commonly called three-prong pliers, do you use for wire and clasp bending?
articulator
What dental device recreates the normal movement of a patients jaw during fabrications of the prosthesis?
provide room for a controlled thickness of impression material
In the prosthodontics, when fabricating custom impression trays, custom tray tissue stops are used to
damaged cast or tray
In fabricating a prosthodontics custom tray, what will surely result from failing to block out undercuts on the cast?
strong enough to withstand biting forces
What requirement must a prosthodontics custom tray handle have?
monometer
In the prosthodontics, what material, applied to the attachment site, will improve bonding between the handle and tray?
prevent teeth fragments from damaging the oral tissue
Although a mouthguard does not prevent the teeth from fracturing, it does
acting as a shock absorber
One purpose of a mouthguard is to reduce the risk of concussion by
point where soft tissue meets the attached gingival
The buccal flange of a mouthguard normally extends to the
prevent the hot thermoplastic material from adhering to the cast
Before placing a dental cast in a vacuum adaption machine, you soak the cast in water for a couple of seconds to
a light flame with alcohol torch is used
What polishing, if any, is done to the periphery of a mouthguard?
duplicate the diagnostic cast
What purpose does a stint serve?
adapt resin denture teeth
In fabricating a stint for a fixed partial denture (FPD) provisional restoration, what action, if any, is take to fill the edentulous space?
small bubbles appear
In prosthodontics, how will you know when the material for a stint is overheated?
heated bard-parker knife
In fabricating a prosthodontics stint, what is used to cut away excess material in the sulcus areas and form around the base of the cast?
kept
In prosthodontics, the unused arch sections of a provisional stint should be
overheating the material
The thinning and stretching of a mouthguard is caused by
orthodontics
What dental specialty studies and supervises the growth and development of dentition and corrects growth and development abnormalties in children and adults?
appearance and impaired dental function
What two factors cause people to seek orthodontic treatment?
preventive, interceptive, and corrective
The three types of orthodontic treatment are
space maintainer
What orthodontic appliance is used to prevent teeth from tipping or drifting into a vacant space?
interceptive
Orthodontic treatment aimed at correcting developing problems to prevent them from becoming worse is called
corrective
What complex orthodontic treatment involves the use of mechanical appliances to restore the dentition to fully functional and esthetic condition?
brackets
Facial attachments on orthodontic bands are
band seater
Which dental instrument has a ball-and-socket opposing ends used for better band adaptation around the tooth?
coon
Which type of ligature pliers has a round, metal cylinder with a channel and forked, blunt opposing tips for passage of the ligature wire?
distal and cutter
Which orthodontic instrument has a safety hold feature to prevent loose wire from impacting and embedding into the intraoral tissue?
face-bow adjusting pliers
Which orthodontic instrument is used with heavy wire up to 1.6 mm diameter and is easily identified because each beak has a rounded notch at a right angle to the beak near the tip?
bird-beak
Which type of orthodontic pliers is used for bending small wire, spring forming, and contouring brackets?
tweed loop-forming
Which type of orthodontic pliers has the outer one-third of the concave beak serrated to avoid wire slippage and a round beak generally with three sections of various diameters?
weingart
Which type of orthodontic utility pliers is used to hold or grasp the arch wire to make adjustment bends, or place the arch wire in, and remove it from the mouth?
cephalometric
What type of radiograph does the dentist trace and analyze by linear and angular measurements, compare and assess the growth pattern of the patient, and the effect of orthodontic treatment has on skeletal development?
right and left lateral views with the teeth open
All of the following are intraoral photographs documenting the patients dental esthetics and condition of the oral hard and soft tissues except
a view directly in front of the patient with the patients teeth no visible
All of the following are part of the standard extraoral series taken at the beginning of orthodontic treatment except
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...