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History

Terms in this set (140)

Along with the enjoyment of fundamental rights, what other responsibility do we need to ensure?
their strength and endurance
Which clause prohibits government from unduly interfering with the freedom of religion?
free exercise clause
What do labor unions have the right to do?
picket
With most cases, what do the courts prohibit, and that prohibition makes political debate possible in the United States?
prior restraint
In what, does the Constitution of the United States guarantee certain basic rights?
Bill of Rights
For what purposes has the Court held that prior restraint is permitted?
national security
Using the chart below, what additional step might a judge take to keep press coverage from interfering with a trial?
Measures to restrain press coverage of a trial: moving trial to reduce pretrial publicity, limiting number of reporters in the courtroom, placing controls on reporters' conduct, isolating witnesses and jurors from the press
sequestering a jury
Commercial speech, or advertising, is given less protection under the First Amendment. In the 1970s, the Supreme Court began to loosen the reins. Match the ruling on the left side of the chart below with the correct Supreme Court case from the right.
Bigelow v. Virginia
In which of the following Supreme Court cases that dealt with the freedom of assembly did the Court uphold the law based on the fact that the parade would disrupt the lives of other citizens?

"The authority of a municipality to impose regulations in order to assure the safety and convenience of the people in the use of public highways has never been regarded as inconsistent with civil liberties."

—Chief Justice Charles Evan Hughes, 1941
Cox v. New Hampshire
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that __________are unconstitutional in college admissions.
racial quotas
What term refers to people who flee to another country to escape persecution or danger?
refugees
Which of the following, guaranteed in the Bill of Rights, is applied to aliens living in the United States?
have freedom of speech and assembly
What immigration policy revised decisions of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 and greatly benefited Europeans?
Immigration Act of 1990
Legislation has been created to prevent discrimination in many forms—race, age, sex, etc. What civil rights act enabled women wanting to participate in college athletics the specific right to do so?
Education Amendments, Title IX, 1972
Based on your understanding of the court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, evaluate the following situation. Next year, a private organization of educated African American men starts a school for academically gifted students. In order to qualify for the program, a student must be a male African American student and score above a 120 on a standard intelligence test. Funding for the program is provided through private donations and a foundation grant left by an affluent community member. A gifted male Hispanic student wants to join this program, but his application is refused because he is Hispanic. Is this illegal?
No, because the program is privately funded
A school board refusing to hire a 38-year-old white male as principal of one of the elementary schools in the district would be an example of which of the following?
reverse discrimination
Two primary rights of citizens emerged in the twentieth century—Citizens' Right to Know and Citizens' Right to Privacy. The Right to Know is most enhanced by which of the following government actions?
Freedom of Information Act, 1966
Hypothetically, a city has a budget to add three more bus lines to its transportation program. Currently, there are bus lines in all five areas of the city—north, south, east, west, and central. Because the location of the bus depot is in the southeast side of the city, officials decide to put the three additional bus lines there. People living in the north side of the city argue that this is discrimination. Based on your knowledge of the Washington v. Davis court decision, will the courts decide on behalf of the citizens living in the north side of the city?
No, because there was no intent to discriminate.
The plaintiff sets forth the charges against the defendant in
a complaint
While laws may seem to limit our freedoms, what do the laws also guarantee?
individual liberties
Because it derives from the decisions of judges in settling cases, what else is common law also called?
case law
Of the four basic principles guiding both federal and state courts, which legal system principle prohibits a law requiring that all children attend public, not private or secular, schools?
due process of law
Which of the following types of situations fall under the family law category?
child custody issues
If a group of children vandalize the siding of a house with spray paint and are caught in the act, the owner of the home can bring a civil suit against the responsible parties of the children. What area of civil law allows the homeowner to do so?
torts or civil wrongs
During what part of a lawsuit might mediation take place?
resolution without a trial
According to the chart below, which country suffered the lowest rate of reported crimes (per 100,000 population)?
Colombia
What types of crimes include parking illegally, littering, disturbing the peace, minor trespassing, and speeding?
petty offenses
During what step would a judge be most likely to grant the accused release on his or her own recognizance?
initial appearance
Which of the following states has the smallest prison population per 100,000 people?
Nebraska
During which decade did the state death penalty executions first fall below 800?
1950s
What term refers to third parties?
minor parties
In which type of election can only members of a political party vote?
closed primary
What takes place at a national convention right before the adjournment?
acceptance speeches
Which of the following countries has a political system with multiple parties competing for power?
France
What kind of voter tends to have weak or no party loyalty?
Independents
Which of the following examples of third parties falls into the category of single-issue parties?
Liberty Party
Which of the following examples of third parties falls into the category of splinter party?
Progressive Party
Theodore Roosevelt was the founder of what third party?
Bull Moose Progressive Party
According to the chart above, which party has had the longest run in American politics since 1789?
Democratic
How many third parties in the United States had a run in American politics for a total of eight years or less?
17
Based on the information in the chart below, if an individual served in a rural township committee and wanted to gain more political power, it makes sense that he would work to next move into what area of party organization?

Political Party Organization
county committee
In the four primary ways of seeking nomination, which way requires a plurality of votes against another potential candidate?
primary elections
During the primary election process, what type of primary allows members of both political parties to narrow the candidate choice?
open primary
During the primary election process, what is it called when an election is held where only party members select people to run in the general election?
closed primary
In addition to the 50 states of the United States of America, certain non-states may vote in presidential elections. Only one non-state has been granted electoral votes that count toward electing the president. Which one of the following non-states has electoral votes?
District of Columbia
What committee is responsible for selecting the permanent chairperson of the National Convention?
The Committee on Permanent Organization
What plank divided Democratic delegates during the 1968 National Convention?
pro-Vietnam stance
At what point during the National Convention is the vice-presidential nomination announced?
before the adjournment
The political cartoon below shows a concern for
one political party ideology dominating the Department of Justice.
The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November is
Election Day
What is the most important communication tool for a political candidate?
television
What term is used to refer to candidates only quoting those statistics that support their position?
card stacking
What gave African Americans the right to vote?
the Fifteenth Amendment
What are voters caught between issues called?
cross-pressured voters
Organization and leadership are critical to a successful campaign. Which of the following individuals holds these responsibilities?
campaign manager
Based on the graphs below, which of the following statements about campaign spending is NOT true?
These figures only reflect money spent during general elections.
Based on the figures in the chart above, determine which presidential campaign was the only one to cost less than the preceding campaign?
1992
According to the chart below, more than 80 percent of which group of voters voted for John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election?
African Americans
Which of the following examples best describes transfer?
A series of campaign ads feature Candidate B in front of an American flag.
Identify the first in the historic series of legislation that made for the provisions listed in the chart below.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
What is an issue-advocacy group that does not endorse a particular candidate called?
527 organization
Which of the following is a business-related interest group?
NAM
What do lobbyists frequently do?
research and draft bills
What is the direct way in which interest groups try to influence government?
lobbying
What term refers to the set of values and beliefs about a nation and its government that most citizens share?
political culture
Which of the following is a farm-related interest group?
the Grange
This group of Americans believe in an active national government.
liberals
Which technique provides an equal chance for everyone in the group to be studied to be selected for the poll?
random sampling
Ralph Nader's group focuses on consumer issues and safety issues that affect the general population. What type of interest group is this?
public-interest
What is the term given to the learning process described in the quote below?

"Personal background and life experiences exert important influences on opinion formation. Individuals learn their political beliefs and attitudes from their family, school, friends, and coworkers."
political socialization
Which of the following political ideologies is best described by the graphic organizer below?
libertarians
Of the six discussed ways to measure public opinion, which way involves editors of newspapers printing ballots asking yes or no questions?
straw polls
Which president had the lowest approval rating at the beginning of his term of office?
Bill Clinton
According to the above chart, which president saw the highest approval ratings?
George W. Bush
During which president's term did approval ratings sink to the lowest level?
Harry Truman
Which of the following statements is true about what the Gallup Poll saw in 1971 when it asked two similar questions about the Vietnam War?
Only about half of Americans answered the second question in agreement.
Around 2,000 PACs were created in which five-year period?
1975-1980
According to the pie chart, which of the following PACs spent the least amount of money in 2005-2006?
labor
According to the pie chart, which of the following PACs spent the most amount of money in 2005-2006?
nonconnected
This refers to websites that provide government services online.
e-government
The Internet is an example of
electronic media.
Which of the following protects the press from government censorship?
the First Amendment
This includes all the means for communicating information to the general public.
mass media
When would high-level government officials be questioned by the press?
press conference
Which of the following discourages one-sided coverage?
fairness doctrine
After reading the quote below, summarize Powell's overall opinion of the relationship between the mass media and a democratic society.

"An informed public depends upon accurate and effective reporting by the news media. No individual can obtain for himself the information needed for the intelligent discharge of his political responsibilities. For most citizens the prospect of personal familiarity with newsworthy events is hopelessly unrealistic. In seeking out the news the press therefore acts as an agent of the public at large. It is the means by which the people receive that free flow of information and ideas essential to intelligent self-government."

—Lewis F. Powell, 1974
The relationship between the people and the press promotes intelligent self-government.
By how many percentage points did Internet use among 10-13 year olds increase from 1998 to 2003?
28.1
According to the chart, which form of media do most Americans rely on as their primary source of news?
broadcast television
White House staffers use the mass media to control the flow of information about the president. Using the chart below, match the definition on the left with the best answer on the right.
news release
In the quote below, which FCC rule was President Reagan referring to?

"This type of content-based regulation by the Federal Government is, in my judgment, antagonistic to the freedom of expression guaranteed by the First Amendment."

—President Ronald Reagan
fairness doctrine
People use these legal strategies to avoid paying higher taxes
tax loopholes
A 12-month accounting period is called a
fiscal year.
Who holds the power to raise revenue and pass appropriations?
Congress
What is the yearly sum of goods and products produced in a country called?
gross domestic product
Which office evaluates the federal budget?
CBO
Which of the following concepts means that the total federal budget changes only a little from one year to the next?
incrementalism
Who supervises the Federal Reserve System?
an appointed board of governors
What is it called when the price of foreign goods is raised to make them less competitive with American products on the domestic market?
protective tariff
According to the chart below, what accounts for the smallest percentage of federal spending?
net interest on debt
According to the four steps in the federal budget process, during which step does the fiscal year begin?
Step 4: implementing the budget
Which country makes only $9 billion in net revenue?
Brazil
Which of the following countries makes the smallest amount of revenue before paying all of the country's expenses?
Kuwait
Which program helps people who are temporarily out of work?
unemployment insurance
Historically, the Constitution reserved for the states the right to control this area.
public education
Which of the following eliminates competition among businesses?
monopoly
When Congress establishes a cost for crops, it is called a(n)
price support.
Which agency in the Department of Agriculture has restored millions of acres of land for outdoor recreation, timbering, and wildlife habitat?
Forest Service
Which programs help those who are elderly, ill, or unemployed?
social insurance
Which of the four different types of subsidies is often received by transportation businesses?
cash payments for vital products and services
After two decades of falling union membership, in what decade did union membership rise slightly, before falling to the all-time lowest participation?
1990s
Which of the following agricultural agencies in the federal government was formed to consolidate conservation programs and reduce the Department of Agriculture s budget?
Farm Service Agency
The Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 falls under which of the four categories of public education programs?
aid to public schools
Which office is concerned with U.S. business interests in foreign countries?
consulate
Who is the head of the State Department?
secretary of state
Which countries signed the agreement discussed in the quote below, pledging reciprocity in defense?

"An armed attack by any State against an American State shall be considered as an attack against all the American States, and, consequently, each one of the . . . contracting parties undertakes to assist in meeting the attack."

—Rio Pact, 1947
Latin American nations and the United States
Choose the answer that best completes the chart, identifying the five factors that influence U.S. foreign policy.
creating democratic governments
Complete the chart, identifying the cabinet position that is charged with these responsibilities.
secretary of state
The Constitution grants Congress the power to declare war. Congress has exercised this power five times in the history of the United States. Complete the line graph, identifying the country that Congress declared war against in 1917.
Germany
The Department of State's long-term goal is to protect the security and well-being of the United States. In doing so, the department focuses on four primary objectives. Choose the answer that best completes the chart, identifying these objectives or responsibilities.
maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
In addition to its six geographic bureaus, the State Department oversees U.S. embassies and consulates and the Foreign Service. Which division of the state department is being described in this chart?
an embassy
When was the current Missouri Constitution adopted?
1945
When did Missouri become a state?
1821
What right appears in the Missouri Constitution but not in the U.S. Constitution?
the right of workers to organize unions
Who can call a special session of the Missouri General Assembly?
the governor or three-fourths of the General Assembly
Who is the presiding officer in the Missouri House of Representatives?
speaker of the house
What is the term of office for a Missouri state senator?
four years
What are the qualifications for becoming a Missouri state representative?
at least twenty-four years old, qualified voter, lived in the district for one year
How many representatives are in the Missouri House of Representatives?
163
Through what process can Missourians reject a law passed by the state legislature?
referendum
If the General Assembly is unable to pass a law that would allow concealed weapons in Missouri, what other avenue can the people of Missouri use in order to get the law passed?
initiative
Which official keeps financial records, invests money, and issues checks for the state of Missouri?
state treasurer
Which official runs the state and national elections in the state of Missouri?
secretary of state
What does the line-item veto accomplish?
allows the governor to veto portions of an appropriations bill
What are the qualifications to become governor of Missouri?
at least thirty years old, U.S. citizen fifteen years, lived in Missouri ten years
What are qualifications for a Missouri Supreme Court judge?
at least thirty years old; U.S. citizen for fifteen years; licensed to practice law in Missouri
Which court has the final say on Missouri constitutional issues?
Missouri Supreme Court
Which city court hears cases involving minor criminal or civil matters?
municipal court
Who has the power to hear an impeachment trial except in the case of the governor or Supreme Court judge?
the Missouri Supreme Court
What is true about Missouri citizens if they are out of the state at the time of an election?
They can vote by absentee ballot
Which of the following is not a method of generating revenue for the state of Missouri?
toll roads
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