Disorders of Growth 5

Name FOUR type of test that can be used when screening for cancer
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Terms in this set (28)
Name FOUR type of test that can be used when screening for cancer
1. FOB (Faecal Occult Blood)
2. Serum PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
3. Cyto- and hist-pathology
4. New molecular tests
In screening from cancer, when is a FOB test used?
FOB - Faecal Occult Blood test, used when screening for bowel and colon cancer (colorectal cancer)
Test used when screening for Prostate cancer
Serum PSA test

- PSA = Prostate-Specific Antigen
Mutation of what gene is considered "high risk" of Beast Cancer
BRCA1 mutation

- BRCA1 is a tumour suppressor,which does not function properly when mutated
Name four common metastatic sites
1. Bone (pain and pathological fracture)
2. Brain (Raised intracranial pressure, epilepsy, CVA)
3. Liver (Jaundice)
4. Adrenal glands (Addison's disease)
Symptoms of Bone Cancer (2)
1. Pain
2. Pathological fractures
Symptoms of Brain Cancer (3)
1. Raised intra-cranical pressure
2. Epilepsy
3. CVA (CerebroVascular Accident)
Symptom of Liver Cancer (1)
1. Jaundice
- yellowish pigmentation of the skin and eyes, caused by build up of bilirubin in the blood
Symptom of Adrenal Gland Cancer
1. Addison's disease
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
1. Syndromes/symptoms in cancer patients that cannot be explained by the effects of local or distant spread of tumours
Cushing's Syndrome may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Small cell lung cancerInappropriate ADH may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Small cell lung cancerHypercalcaemia may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancers? (2)1. Squamous cell carcinoma lung 2. T-cell leukaemia/lymphomaPolycytheamia may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Renal carcinomaMyasthenia (neuromuscular) may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Bronchogenic CarcinomaAcanthosis nigricans may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Gastric carcinomaHypertrophic osteoarthropathy may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Bronchogenic carcinomaVenus Thrombosis may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Pancreatic carcinomaNonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancer?Advanced cancerNephrotic syndrome may be a Paraneoplastic Syndrome of what cancers? (2)1. Colo-rectal carcinoma 2. Hodgkin's diseaseName TWO types of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)Name TWO types of Breast Cancer1. Tubular breast cancer 2. NST (Non-Special Type) breast cancerName TWO types of Lymphoma1. B-NHL (B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma) 2. T-NHL (T-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma)What is meant by Tumour Grade?Tumour Grading is a histological assessment to see how well differentiated the tumour cells are - well differentiated tumours end to have a better prognosisRange the different stages of Tumour grade from best to worst prognosis1. Well differentiated tumour cells (best prognosis) 2. Moderately differentiated 3. Poorly differentiated (word prognosis)What is meant by Tumour Stage?Tumour stage is determined through a clinical and histological assessment to determine how advanced the tumour isDifference between Tumour Grade and Tumour Stage- Tumour Grade describes how well differentiated the tumour cells are (Well, Moderately or Poorly differentiated) - Tumour Stage describes how advanced the tumour is, by looking at size and spreadIndex used in Breast Cancer PrognosisNottingham Prognostic Index (NPI)