Lower Limb A,O,I Innervation (Part 2)

Term
1 / 13
Gastrocnemius
Click the card to flip 👆
Terms in this set (13)
Gastrocnemius
Superior attachment (origin): LATERAL HEAD: posterior lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle. MEDIAL HEAD: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle
Inferior attachment (Insertion): Tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon) to the middle posterior aspect of the calcaneus with the soleus and plantaris.
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Segmental innervation: S1, S2.
Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle, flexion of the knee, supination of the subtalar joint during non-weight bearing of the foot, controls pronation of the subtalar joint during weight-bearing of the foot, eccentrically controls dorsiflexion of the ankle just after mid-stance
Image: Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Superior attachment (origin): Soleal line and proximal 1/4 of the posterior tibia; posterior fibular head; proximal 1/4 to 1/3 of the posterior fibula.
Inferior attachment (insertion): Tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon) to the middle posterior aspect of the calcaneus with the gastrocnemius and plantaris.
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Segmental innervation: S1, S2.
Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle, supination of the subtalar joint during non-weight bearing, controls pronation of the subtalar joint during weight bearing, eccentrically controls dorsiflexion of the ankle just after mid-stance.
Image: Soleus
Achilles Tendon
Originates: Gastrocnemius; the soleus; the plantaris
Inserts: Calcaneus bone
Action: Plantarflexion of the foot when the related muscles are contracting
(Note: the achilles tendon reflex (S1-S2) examines the function of the tibial nerve)
Image: Achilles Tendon
Popliteus
Superior attachment (origin): Lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus.
Inferior attachment (insertion): Posterior aspect of the proximal tibia above the soleal line.
Nerve: Tibial nerve.
Segmental innervation: L4, L5, S1.
Action: Medial rotation of the tibia; lateral rotation of the femur, flexion of the knee joint.
Image: Popliteus
Flexor Digitorum Longus (Just the tibial attachment)
Superior attachment (origin): Posteromedial shaft of the tibia; distal soleal line
Inferior attachment (insertion): Plantar surface of the bases of the distal phalanges of 2 through 5 digits.
Nerve: Tibial nerve.
Segmental innervation: (L5), S1, S2, (S3)
Action: Flexion of the metatarsal phalangeal and interphalangeal joints, plantarflexion of the ankle, assists in inversion of the foot, controls extension of the lateral 4 toes during the late stance phase of gait.
Image: Flexor Digitorum Longus (Just the tibial attachment)
Posterior Tibialis (Just tibia and fibula attachment)
Superior attachment (origin): Posterolateral shaft of the tibia; posterior surface of the proximal 1/2 of the fibula; adjacent interosseus membrane.
Inferior attachment (insertion): Tuberosity of the navicular bone; plantar surface of the cuboid, cuneiform bones, and bases of the 2-4 metatarsals.
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Segmental innervation: L4, L5, (S1).
Action: Inversion of the foot, plantarflexion of the ankle, supination of the subtalar joint during walking, controls pronation of the subtalar joint during the early stance phase.
Image: Posterior Tibialis (Just tibia and fibula attachment)
Flexor Hallicus Longus (Just fibula attachment)
Superior attachment (origin): Distal two-third of the posterior fibula; adjacent interosseus membrane
Inferior attachment (insertion): Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe.
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Segmental innervation: L5, S1, S2.
Action: Flexion of the metatarsaophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the big toe, plantar flexion of the ankle, assists in inversion of the foot, controls extension of the big toe during the late stance phase of gait.
Image: Flexor Hallicus Longus (Just fibula attachment)
Peroneus (fibularis) Longus (Just fibula and 1st MET attachments)
Superior attachment (origin): Lateral fibular head and proximal two-third of the lateral shaft of the fibula.
Inferior attachment (insertion): Base of the plantar surface of the first metatarsal and the lateral surface of the medial cuneiform.
Nerve: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
Segmental innervation: L4, L5, S1, (S2).
Action: Eversion of the foot, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle joint
Image: Peroneus (fibularis) Longus (Just fibula and 1st MET attachments)
Peroneus (fibularis) Brevis (Just fibula and 5th MET attachments)
Superior attachment (origin): Distal two-third of the lateral shaft of the fibula.
Inferior attachment (insertion): Lateral side of the base of the fifth metatarsal. (tubercle of 5th MET)
Nerve: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.
Segmental innervation: L4, L5, S1, (S2).
Action: Eversion of the foot, assists with plantar flexion of the ankle joint
Image: Peroneus (fibularis) Brevis (Just fibula and 5th MET attachments)
Anterior Tibialis (Just tibia and 1st MET attachments)
Superior attachment (origin): Lateral condylar area of the tibia; proximal half of the lateral surface of the tibia; the adjacent interosseus membrane.
Inferior attachment (insertion): Medial base of the first metatarsal, medial and plantar aspects of the first (medial) cuneiform.
Nerve: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.
Segmental innervation: L4, L5, (S1).
Action: Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, inversion of the foot, eccentrically controls plantar flexion during initial stance
Image: Anterior Tibialis (Just tibia and 1st MET attachments)
Abductor Hallicus (Just Calcaneous Attachment)Proximal attachment (origin): Medial side of the calcaneal tuberosity; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis. Distal attachment (insertion): Medial sesmoid bone at distal end of 1st metatarsal, Medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Nerve: Medial plantar nerve. Segmental innervation: L4, L5, (S1) Action: Abduction of the metatarsophalangeal joint, assists in flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint.Abductor Digiti Minimi (Just calcaneous attachment)Proximal attachment (origin): Medial and lateral processes of the calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis. Distal attachment (insertion): Lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit (little toe). Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve. Segmental innervation: (S1), S2, S3. Action: Abduction of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the fifth toe; assists in flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the fifth toe1st Dorsal Interosseus (Just metatarsal attachments)Proximal attachment (origin): By two heads from the adjacent metatarsal bones. Distal attachment (insertion): o FIRST INTEROSSEUS: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of toe 2. o SECOND - 4TH INTEROSSEI: lateral side of the bases proximal phalanges of toes 2 - 4. Nerve: Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve. Segmental innervation: (S1), S2, S3. Action: Abduction of the metatarsophalangeal joint; assists in flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of IP joints