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Martinka American History Exam

Terms in this set (86)

defended the British soldiers in the Boston Massacre
John Adams
Boston man who did the most to fan the flame of rebellion
Samuel Adams
Hessians
Mercenary soldiers hired by the British
Huguenots
French Protestants who came to America for Religious freedom
Wrote the declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Loyalists
Americans who opposed the American Revolution
Privateers
licensed pirates
Navigation Acts
limited what the colonists could buy and sell. Goal was to control colonial trade
Sons of Liberty
terrorized agents who sold British stamps
English Prime Minister who gained the colonies' support to defeat the French
William Pitt
The Triangular Trade
rum, slaves, sugar
Until the mid-1700s, Britain paid little attention to the colonies because of the number of political problems they faced at home.
Salutary Neglect
The Treaty of Paris
New Orleans and all French land west of the Mississippi River ceded to Spain. All French lands between the Mississippi and the Appalachians were ceded to Britain.
meeting called in response to fears of French attacks. Its design was based on Indian government council. It brought together 150 Indians and reps from 7 colonies
Albany Plan of Union
put duties on several imported items. Reorganized customs system in the colonies. Pressed the NY legislature to provide supplies to British troops.
The Townshend Acts
Declaration of Independence
borrowed ideas from old English writers. Inspired other nations to seek independence. Listed reasons for separation from Great Britain.
The Proclamation Line of 1763
along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains
The Sugar and Stamp Acts
designed chiefly to raise funds for the defense of the colonies
The Battle of Bunker Hill
the British won, but with unacceptable losses
12th Amendment
president and VP are separate on ballots
"Firm league of friendship" among the states
Articles of Confederation
wrote the Federalist Papers along with James Madison
Alexander Hamilton
Bill of rights
The 10 amendments that guaranteed certain rights and liberties to the people.
member of the House of Representatives who drew up the Bill of Rights
James Madison
Provides fines or jailing of persons who criticized the US government
Sedition Act
Speculator
businessmen who bought land and resold it to make a profit
Negotiated the 1795 treaty with Spain to allow free navigation of the Mississippi River
Thomas Pickney
The Constitutional Convention
Addressed the question of whether to label the government as a federal or a national union by using neither in the document
Was the issue of slavery dealt with in the Constitution?
no
Protective Tariff
Could be used to help create a system of manufacturing in the US
Least successful area of the 2nd Continental Congress-
Getting money from the states for war
Major weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation-
lacked power to tax
The Great Compromise
concerned the issue of Representation in Congress
The site of our national capital is the result of
a deal regarding the assumption of state debts by the national government
Washington's handling of the Whiskey rebellion proved
the strength of the national government
Sedition
inciting a rebellion
originator of ideas in the Monroe Doctrine
John Quincy Adams
famous explorer of the southwest US
Zebulon Pike
killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
Aaron Burr
leader of the War Hawks
Henry Clay
"the hero of New Orleans"
Andrew Jackson
Francis Scott Key
wrote the words to the National anthem
Meriwether Lewis
led an expedition into Louisiana territory
fled the white house shortly before it burned
Dollie Madison
Chief Justice who made the decisions that strengthened the Judicial Branch
John Marshall
last of the "Virginia Dynasty"
James Monroe
French leader who sold Louisiana to the US
Napoleon Bonaparte
his dictionary did much to promote "American" language
Noah Webster
Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin
European nations and the US paid the Barbary States for
protection from pirates
Jefferson's goal as president was to
restore the principles of the American Revolution
New England Federalists opposed the LA Purchase because
they thought it would increase the political power of the West
Embargo
a government order prohibiting trade with a foreign country
Midnight Judges
appointed at the last minute
most strongly opposed American involvement in the War of 1812
The New England merchants
The Era of Good Feelings-
the period without political parties under Monroe
The Monroe Doctrine
issued in response to European efforts to colonize the South
Nationalism
identifying with and feeling pride in one's country
succeeded James Madison in the presidency
James Monroe
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
important in women's rights movement
John Calhoun
southerner most often associated with the issue of nullification
Secretary of State under john Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
Dorthea Dix
worked for the mentally ill
William Lloyd Garrison
wrote for the abolition movement
Sam Houston
1st president of the republic of Texas
Old Hickory
Andrew Jackson
father of the modern presidency
Andrew Jackson
Horace Mann
education reformer
Henry David Thoreau
important in Transcendentalism movement
Sojourner Truth
former slave who spoke for women's rights
Brigham Young
led the Mormons to settle in the West
Harriet Tubman
led many slaves to freedom
site of first gold strike in California
Sutter's Mill
Clara Barton
helped injured soldiers during the war and later formed the American Red Cross
hoped the issue of slavery would be settled by the Supreme Court
James Buchanan
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States
not voted for by a majority in the popular vote but won in the Electoral College
Abraham Lincoln
led the "March to the Sea" across the Confederate South
William Sherman
credited with early photography during the Civil War
Matthew Brady
series of routes and stopovers that led runaway slaves north to freedom
Underground Railroad
policy permitting settlers of each new territory to vote whether to allow slavery
Popular Sovereignty
John Brown
led an abolitionist raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA
1857 Supreme Court ruled that as a slave he was not a citizen
Dred Scott
The US purchased Florida from
Spain
George Washington's first Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson
What group was most responsible for the addition of the Bill of Rights?
Anti-federalists
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