Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Organizational Managment Ch 13

Terms in this set (37)

Motivation
the degree to which a set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to work hard at accomplish a goal
Initiation of Effort
choices that people make about how much effort to put forth in their jobs
Direction of Effort
choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs
Persistence of Effort
choices that people make about how long they will put forth effort in their jobs before reducing or eliminating those efforts
Job Performance
how well someone performs the requirements of the job OR Motivation x Ability x Situational Constraints
Ability
the degree to which workers possess the knowledge, skills, and talent needed to do a job well
Situational Constraints
factors beyond the control of individual employees, such as tools, policies, and resources that have an effect on job performance
Needs
are the physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well being
Unmet Need
creates an uncomfortable, internal state of tension. Motivates people to become satisfied
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
suggests people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem or self-actualization needs.
Alderfer's ERG Theory
suggests that people are motivated by existence, relatedness and growth
McClelland's Learned Needs Theory
suggests that people are motivated by the need for affliction, the need for achievement, or the need for power
Equity Theory
suggests that people are motivated by the preception of fair treatment
Extrinsic Rewards
tangible and visible recognition given performing employees such as vacation time
Intrinsic Awards
natural recognition that often comes in the form of a sense of accomplishment or interest
Restore Equity
reduce employee inputs, increase outcomes, rationalize input or outcome, change referents, leave
Distributive Justice
the degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated
Referent
others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly
Procedural Justice
the fairness of the process used to reward allocation decision
Expectancy Theory
= Valence X Instrumentality X Expectancy
Valence
the attractiveness or desirability of various rewards or outcomes
Expectancy
the perceived relationship between effort and performance. increased with training and empowerment
Instrumentality
is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards
Reinforcement Theory
behavior is a function of its consequences
Reinforcement Contigencies
the cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences
Schedule of Reinforcement
is the set of rules regarding reinforcement contingencies, such as which behaviors will be reinforced, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and when consequences will be delivered
Positive Reinforcement
strengthens behaviors with desirable consequences
Negative Reinforcement
strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence. also called avoidance learning
Punishment
weakens behavior by using undesirable consequences
Extinction
weakens behavior by discontinuing positive consequences
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
a consequence follows every instance of a behavior
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
consequences are delivered after a specified or average time has elapsed or after a specified or average number of behaviors has occurred
Fixed Interval
consequences after a fixed amount of time elapses EX. bi-monthly paycheck
Vairable Interval
consequences after a varying around an average amount of time EX. A 90-day raise given after 80, 90 or a 100 days
Fixed Ratio
consequences after a specific number of variables EX. A bonus after every 10 sales
Variable Ratio
consquences delivered after different behaviors at different intervals- less predictable EX. get bonus when manager feels you deserve it
Goal-setting theory
suggests that people find motivation in specific, challenging goals and recieve feedback indicating their progress towards that goal
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...