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Chapter 13 Ladders

Terms in this set (92)

Where should the tip of a ladder be placed during rescue operations from a window?
Immediately below the window.
What is the term for keeping a ladder from slipping by applying one's weight to the underside of it?
Heeling.
According to NFPA 1901, what is the minimum total length of feet of portable ladders that a ladder truck must carry?
115 feet.
What should be done with the excess halyard before tying it off once an extension ladder is placed and extended?
It should be wrapped around two rings of the ladder.
Which part of the extension ladder is raised or extended from the bed section?
Fly.
Which NFPA standard sets the minimum performance standards for apparatus referred to as either "aerial ladders" or "elevating platforms"?
NFPA 1901.
Can a free-hanging roof ladder, not on a roof but hanging just from its hooks, support the weight of fire fighters?
No, they cannot support weight from just the hooks.
Which term means the level at which the ground intersects the foundation of a structure?
Grade.
What is the term used to describe the end of the ladder placed against the ground when the ladder is raised?
Butt.
What is the term used to describe the crosspiece that spans the two beams of a ladder?
Ring.
Why should firefighters not place a foot in the rungs of an extension ladder while it is being raised?
If the fly slips, the foot will be crushed.
When a ladder is used to access a roof, at least how many rungs should show above the roof line?
Five.
Which ladder is a narrow, two-section extension ladder that is designed to provide attic access?
Fresno.
What is another hazard associated with raising a ladder and having it hit something, other than the electrical hazard of it hitting power lines?
The sudden change in momentum can cause firefighters to lose control of it and drop it.
Which parts of portable ladders can be painted for visibility and identification?
Top and bottom, 18 inches.
What is the term for those ladders that are permanently mounted and operated from a piece of fire apparatus?
Aerial ladders.
When a roof ladder is being carried, which end, if it matters, should be facing forward?
The tip end.
What is the term for one of the two main structural components that run the entire length of most ladders or ladder sections?
Beam.
When a ladder is placed at the proper angle for climbing and a firefighter is standing on a rung, how far away should the ring at shoulder height be away from the firefighter?
Arm's length.
What is a ladder I-Beam usually made of?
Fiberglass.
How high on a typical two-story building can a 24' ladder reach?
The roof.
Which part of a ladder must not be exposed to solvents?
The halyard.
Why should firefighters climbing a ladder not look up, as a rule?
So that any falling debris will not strike them in the face.
What is the proper climbing angel for a ladder?
K.
What do the beams of a ladder directly support?
The rungs.
When raising ladders, what is the minimum distance they should be kept from power lines?
10 feet.
What is the floor-to-floor height of a commercial building?
12'.
What is the term for a metal bar that runs from one beam of a wooden ladder to the other to keep the beam from separating?
A tie rod.
Which type of know is used to tie off a ladder halyard?
The clove hitch.
What purpose do the books of a ladder serve?
They secure the tip of a ladder to the peak of a pitched roof.
What do the stops do on an extension ladder?
Prevent fly sections from overextending.
How often should in-service ladder service testing be done?
Annually.
Roof ladders provide stable footing and also:
Distribute weight.
On a two-fire fighter shoulder ladder carry, what should the fire fighter closer to the butt end do, in addition to carrying that end of the ladder?
Cover the butt-spur with a gloved hand.
What is the weight limit in pounds that most portable ladders can support?
750 pounds.
Which type of lift can be used to lower a rescuer into a a trench or manhole or to raise a victim safely from a below grade site?
Ladder gin.
When a ladder is placed at the correct angle for climbing, what is the ratio of ladder reach (vertical height attained) to distance of the butt of the ladder from the building?
4:1
How are the fire fighters arranged in the three-firefighter flat ladder carry?
The front and rear person are on one side and the middle person is on the other.
What does a heat sensor label do on a ladder?
It changes color when exposed to a specific degree of heat.
What are butt spurs on a ladder?
Spikes on the base that keep it from slipping.
When firefighters are checking the stability of a roof prior to dismounting a ladder to work on it, how many points of contact should they maintain with the ladder?
3.
Ground ladders must be cleaned periodically even if not used at a scene. Why?
They accumulate road grime from being on the apparatus.
What is the term used to describe the top or bottom section of a trussed beam?
Rail.
What is another term for portable ladders?
Ground ladders.
What is the best method for securing a ladder?
Secure both the tip and the base.
What is the term for the mechanical locking devices used to secure the extended fly section(s) of an extension ladder?
Pawls.
Which type of ladder raise is usually used when the ladder can be raised perpendicular to the target surface?
A rung raise.
What is the very top of a ladder called?
The tip.
What is the term for the rope or cable used to extend or hoist the fly section(s) or an extension ladder?
Halyard.
What is the term for non-aerial ladders?
Portable ladders.
Which type of ladder can be converted from a straight ladder to an A-frame configuration?
A combination ladder.
How often should ground ladders be visually inspected?
Monthly.
Firefighters working from a ladder should use a safety belt or ____ to secure themselves to the ladder.
A leg lock.
When is the three-fire fighter flat shoulder carry useful?
When the ladder must be carried over short obstacles.
Before climbing a ladder, firefighters should make sure it is either tied or:
Heeled.
Where does the top beam of the ladder rest in the one-fire fighter carry?
On the shoulder.
The two-fire fighter carry is generally used with extension ladders up to:
35 feet
Before climbing an extension ladder, fire fighters should make sure the halyard is tied and:
The dogs are locked.
Most straight ladders and roof ladders of a certain length or less can be safely carried by one firefighter. What is the length?
18'
When a straight ladder other than a roof ladder is being carried, which end, if it matters, should be facing forward?
The butt end.
Which type of ladder is usually carried up another ladder before being placed?
A roof ladder.
On a three-firefighter ladder carry, how should the fire fighters be aligned?
They should all be on the same side of the ladder.
What is the two-firefighter ladder carry called in which the ladder is carried at arm's length rather than in the shoulder?
The two firefighter suitcase carry.
What is one precaution firefighters should take when extending the fly section of an extension ladder?
They should not wrap the halyard around their hands.
What do all three firefighter do during the raise of a ladder when it nears chest height for the three firefighter flat shoulder carry?
Pivot into the ladder.
If a ladder is placed at the proper angle for climbing and it is reaching 20ft up a wall, how far away from the wall should the base be?
5ft.
What is the danger if the butt of a ladder is placed too close to the side of the building and people climb it?
The tip could pull away from the wall.
Which test evaluates the structural strength of a ladder?
Horizontal-bending test.
To begin a variation of the one-fire fighter rung raise, where are the butt spurs placed for a ladder longer than 14ft?
Against both the structure and ground.
Should firefighters ever slide their hands along the underside of the beams while climbing a ladder rather than holding the rungs hand over hand?
Yes, this is more secure method than hand-over-hand.
What is the NFPA standard on use, maintenance, and service testing of in-service fire department ground ladders?
NFPA 1932
Repairs on portable ladders should be performed by:
Trained personnel only.
What does the word egress mean
A method to exit or escape
What are the actual steps of a latter called
The rungs
Must firefighters be able to work on ladders while wearing S CBA
Yes
How safe are wooden or fiberglass ladders around power lines
If wet or dirty both wood and fiberglass can conduct electricity
Why should ladders not be placed on manhole covers or trap doors
Because the concentrated weight of firefighters ladder and equipment may cause these structures to fail
What is the most important has her to keep in mind while working with ground ladders
Overhead power lines
What should be done with fire service ladders that have been used outside of their design limits
They should be taken out of service for inspection and testing
Another name for a pawl is
Dog
Other than touching powerlines what is another hazard of ladders being place close to powerlines
Ladders can become energized even without actually touching the powerline
An ____ latter has thick sections at the top and the bottom which are connected by a thinner section. the rungs are attached to that the intersection of the beam. this type of beam is usually made of fiberglass
I-beam
An ____ ladder has a top rail and a bottom rail which are joined by a series of smaller pieces called truss blocks the rungs are attached to the truss blocks
Trussed beam
An ____ ladder has a simple rectangular cross-section. Many wooden ladders have solid beams. Rectangular aluminum beams are usually hollow or C- shaped
Solid beam
Ladders used in the fire service can be classified into these two broad categories
Aerial and portable
Generally fire service portable ladders are limited to a maximum length of_____ ft
50
Which NFPA standard addresses use, maintenance, and service testing of in-service fire department ground ladders
1932
Ground ladders must be visually inspected at least
Monthly
Before climbing a ladder firefighters must make sure it is set at the proper climbing angle this angle is approximately_____ degrees for maximum load capacity and safety
75
The first step in raising a latter is selecting the proper_____ for the ladder
Location
The two fire fighter rung raise is also commonly used with midsized extension ladders up to _____ feet long
35
How safe are wooden or fiberglass ladders around power lines
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