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Microbiology test 3 key questions Heidi

Terms in this set (80)

Codon
genetic code for the One amino acid
notice "code" in the sentence
gene
a segment of the DNA that codes for one trait
Nucleotide
a phosphate group
a sugar
a nitrogenous base
How many chromosomes does a bacterial cell have?
1
The bacterial chromosome is called
a nucleotide
Genome
The sum of all genetic material in a cell or a virus
Genetic code
is called a "triplet code" because the Codons are 2 Nitrogenous bases long
Repression
Shuts off a gene
Feedback inhibition
an accumulation of an end product. Feedback binds to the promoter site and causes it to block the Gene. Gene can't copy into RNA so it can't be transcribed
Feedback inhibition
will be removed one the endproducts are used up
Induction
Turn On a gene that is not normally expressed
"think introduction of a new gene that is not normally expressed"
Terminator
Ends the gene
Positive feedback
presence of a new nutrient Inducer
Beta-lactam antibiotics
effect bacterial cells
Semisynthetic drugs
have a broader spectrum of action
herpes simplex
is not successfully treated with antibiotics
Where does transcription take place in a bacterial cell?
In the nucleoid
Where does transcription take place in a Eukaryotic cell
in the nucleus
Sulfa drugs
Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme. this inhibits the enzyme
this is known as
competitive inhibition
In conjugation, F+ cells
contain an F plamid
what is a characteristic shared by both DNA and RNA
they are both made up of nubleotides
Transduction:
The horizontal gene transfer mechanism known as transduction
involves a virus
The process of DNA replication
is described as Semi-conservative
What is Haemophilus influenzae
a bacterium
Disinfectants
are used on inanimate surfaces
Final electron acceptor/receiver in anaerobic respiration
Pyruvic acid
a codon is a combination of 3 nucleotides bases. Possible number of combinations for A, C, G, and T are?
64
The taxonomic approach to classifying disease is based on
type of microbe that causes the disease
What happens when a host cell reads the +ssRNA of an animal cell?
it is translated into viral proteins
A type of virus results in latent viral infection
Herpesviridae
Retroviridae
ATP yield from anaerobic fermentation
is derived from glycolysis
Most broad spectrum antibiotics like Tetracycline act by
inhibiting protein synthesis/ribosome
how are viruses classified
by their nucleic acid
RNA or DNA
DNA is called the "double helix"
it is two strands of nucleotides twisted together
viroids infect
plants
family Herpesviridae contains what kind of genetic material?
dsDNA
herpes virus are
latent viruses
VREF and MRSA
both are Gram positive
Host specificity of a virus is due to what
receptor recognition between viral and host cells surface molecules
example of sanitization
a public toilet is treated with a disinfectant
semiconservative DNA replication means
each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA
autoclave
sterilizes
what is the purpose of the terminator of an operon
to end the gene
alcohol is a product of
the reduction of pyruvic acid
final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
oxygen
a latent viral infection may also be refereed to as
provirus
Associated with silent mutations, redundancies of the genetic code are due to
base substitutions in the wobble position of the codon
Silvadone, a topical treatment for burns
is a heavy metal
a febrile disease caused by a virus
yellow fever
degerming
is the physical removal of microbes by washing hands
Viruses are classified by the type of genetic material they contain. this is not one of them
+ssDNA
3 types of Recombination in bacteria:
Transformation: Competent
Conjugation: Plasmid, Pilus, F+, F-
Transduction: High-jacks host cell, Lysogenic cycle & Lytic Cycle
Purines
A: Adenine
G: Guanine
Pyrimidine
C: Cystosine
U: Uracil /for RNA only
T: Thymine
your patient has MRSA in the bone of his foot where pins were surgically inserted to repair a severe break in the bone. What antibiotic is the doctor most likely to prescribe?
Vancommycin
targes MRSA
Fermentation
is the reduction of pyruvic acid
what type of virus causes warts
Papillomavirus
Part of our commensal or normal flora of a female reproductive tract
Candida
Lactobacillus
Rotavirus
severe diarrhea
Retrovirus/ Retroviridae
HIV
majority of ATP generated in prokaryotic cells
In the plasma membrane
What type of fermentation is performed by Clostridium perfringens? (gangrene)
butyric acid
A pathogen is best described
any microorganism that causes disease
How do viruses differ from other pathogens
Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles
The mechanism of release for enveloped viruses is called what?
budding
Carcinogenic effect
cancer
What type of virus results in a latent viral infection?
Herpesviridae (herpes)
and
Retroviridae (HIV)
Cell sickness
Cytopathic effect
Family Herpesviridae viruses contain what kind of genetic material?
dsDNA
Drug resistant populations of microbes arise when
exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells
what endospore microbe is used to measure the effectiveness of an autoclave
Bacilus stearothermophiles
What kind of virus can be contracted through fecal-oral route?
Enterovirus
DNA replication does Not require
free amino acids
DNA replication does require
ATP energy to do the replication
Free DNA Nucleotides
the original DNA
DNA polymerase enzymes
Translation requires what
RNA polymerase enzymes
all three types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, & tRNA
ATP energy to do the protein synthesis
Free amino acids (will be made into proteins)
mRNA codons are read and amino acids are put in place according to instructions during:
Translation
The catabolic process of glycolysis
Produces substrate for Krebs cycle
one meter equals
1,000,000 micrometers
how are prions different from all other known infectious agents
The lack nucleic acid
Virus replication results in the death of the cell in
a virulent infection
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