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Chapter 22 Thyroid & Parathyroid Quiz

Terms in this set (60)

All of the following structures form adjacent relationships with the thyroid gland EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. sternohyoid muscle
b. parotid muscle
c. strap muscles
d. sternocleidomastoid muscle
b. parotid muscle

strap muscles lie anterior to the thyroid and the sternocleidomastoid muscle lie anterior and lateral to the thyroid.
The parathyroid glands are the _________ organs in the body.
Select one:
a. calcium-sensing
b. potassium-sensing
c. Vitamin K-sensing
d. Vitamin c-sensing
a. calcium-sensing
The thryoid gland is part of the ____________ system.
Select one:
a. skeletal
b. gastrointestional
c. endocrine
d. reproductive
e. vascular
c. endocrine
Sonographically, the normal thyroid may be described as having all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
Select one:
a. inhomogeneous echogenic pattern
b. sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, and strap muscles are hypoechoic compared with thyroid tissue
c. homogeneous texture of medium echogenicity
d. tubular, anechoic vessels
a. inhomogeneous echogenic pattern

Normal thyroid tissue demonstrates a fine homogeneous echo texture. The surrounding muscles appear hypoechoic to the thyroid.
All of the following improves scanning visualization of the parathyroid/thyroid gland EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. using longus colli muscle as a landmark
b. having the patient hyperextend the neck
c. flexion of head and shoulders
d. the use of a high resolution transducer
c. flexion of head and shoulders
The normal parathyroid glands measure approximately ___________ in length.
Select one:
a. 4 mm
b. 6 mm
c. 8 mm
d. 10 mm
a. 4 mm
Landmarks for the transverse image of the thyroid include all of the following EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. trachea
b. common carotid artery
c. axillary vein
d. jugular vein
c. axillary vein
A longitudinal image of the thyroid in the lateral aspect should include the following structure:
Select one:
a. parathyroid gland
b. carotid artery
c. a & d
d. isthmus
b. carotid artery
What are the neck muscles that are seen as a larger oval band? They lie anterior and lateral to the thyroid gland.
Select one:
a. longus colli muscles
b. esophageal muscles
c. sternocleidomastoid muscles
d. omohyoid muscles
c. sternocleidomastoid muscles
The approximate dimensions of the normal adult thyroid gland are __________.
Select one:
a. 5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth
b. 4 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
c. 3 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
d. 6 cm length, 3 cm width, 3 cm depth
a. 5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth

The normal adult thyroid measures 4 to 6 cm in length; 1.5 to 2.0 cm in width, and 2 to 3 cm in depth (anteroposterior diameter).
A normal functioning thyroid with adequate amounts of thyroid hormone is called _________.
Select one:
a. thyroid agenesis
b. hyperthyroid
c. hypothyroid
d. euthyroid
d. euthyroid
If the thyroid is scanned in a transverse plane, the labeling annotations should include all of the following EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. mid
b. superior
c. lateral
d. inferior
c. lateral
The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by __________.
Select one:
a. Reidel"s lobe
b. the isthmus
c. island tissue
d. parathyroid tissue
b. the isthmus

A thin bridge of thyroid tissue connects the two thyroid lobes and is called the isthmus.
If a sonographer is scanning in a longitudinal plane and presently imaging the external jugular, in which direction should the transducer be moved to see the main thryoid gland?
Select one:
a. medial
b. lateral
c. superior
d. inferior
a. medial
The mechanism for producing thyroid hormones is ____metabolism.
Select one:
a. sodium
b. calcium
c. zinc
d. iodine
d. iodine
Blood is supplied to the thryoid gland by ___________.
Select one:
a. 2 arteries and 2 veins
b. 3 arteries and 1 vein
c. 4 arteries
d. 4 veins
c. 4 arteries
If a sonographer is scanning the inferior lobe of the thyroid in a transverse plane, in which direction does the transducer need to be moved to image the isthmus?
Select one:
a. inferiorly
b. superiorly
c. axially
d. lateraly
b. superiorly
The ___________ runs arises from the isthmus and tapers superiorly just anterior to the thyroid cartilage.
Select one:
a. carotid artery
b. pyramidal lobe
c. superior lobe
d. parathyroid gland
b. pyramidal lobe
In a sagittal scan of the thyroid"s inferior lobe, the most inferior portion is located on the _________ side of the screen.
Select one:
a. left
b. right
c. top
d. bottom
b. right
___________ is a thyroid hormone that is important for maintaining a dense strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level.
Select one:
a. Serum calcium
b. PTH
c. TSH
d. Calcitonin
d. Calcitonin
Sonographically, the normal thyroid gland may be described as having all of the following characteristics except:
Diffusely homogeneous
pyramidal lobe
-arises from the isthmus and tapers superiorly just anterior to the thyroid cartilage.

-may be seen in pediatric patients but usually atrophies in adulthood.
When the serum calcium level __________, the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH.
decreases
The parathyroid glands are normally located on the __________ surface of the thyroid gland.
posterior medial
Which one of the following structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobe?
larynx
The parathyroid glands lie between the _____ borders of the _____ lobes of the thyroid gland.
posterior; medial
The parathyroid glands produce ____________ and monitor the serum calcium feedback mechanism.
parathyroid hormone
Usually _____ parathyroid glands exist.
four
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that affects the:
Kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract
Which one of the following structures lies posterolateral to the thyroid gland?
longus coli muscle
PTH acts on _______, ___________, and intestine to enhance calcium absorption.
bone, kidney
Along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland lie the ________ muscles, including the sternothyroid, omohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
strap
Thyroid hormones include _______ (_____), _______ (____), and _______.
triiodothyronine (T3),
thyroxine (T4)
calcitonin
When the body needs thyroid hormone, it is released into the bloodstream by the action of thyrotropin, or ____________ (____), which is produced by the pituitary gland.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
How the thyroid is functioning is evaluated by ___________.
Nuclear medicine
Increased vascularity with color Doppler, teermed the thyroid inferno, is observed in _____.
graves
The landmark for the posteriolateral border of the thyroid is:
trachea
esophagus
strap muscle
common carotid artery
superior thyoid artery
common carotid artery
An enlargement of the thyroid gland is a _______, which is often visible on the anterior neck.
goiter
The secretion of TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing factor, which is produced by the __________.
hypothalamus
THE THYROID IS BOUNDED LATERALLY BY WHAT?
- carotid arteries
- jugular veins
WHERE IS THE THYROID GLAND LOCATED?
-in the anteroinferior neck at the level of the thyroid cartilage.
THE THYROID STRADDLES THE TRACHEA _____. -
-anteriorly
THE STRAP MUSCLES INCLUDE:
-sternothyroid

-omohyoid

-sternohyoid
WHICH MUSCLE(S) LIE ALONG THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND AND LATERAL TO IT, AS WELL?
-strap muscles (anterolateral)

-sternocleidomastoid muscles
LONGUS COLLI MUSCLE
posterior and lateral to each thyroid lobe

-hypoechoic, triangular

-adjacent to cervical vertebrae
What is medial to the thyroid?
-larynx

-trachea

-inferior constrictor of the pharynx

-esophagus (located midline and to the left of the trachea)
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE THYROID?
-plays a major role in growth & development, as well as maintains normal body metabolism/regulates basal metabolism.

-This is all achieved by the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones.
THE THYROID PRODUCES AND SECRETES WHICH HORMONES?
-triiodothyronine (T3)

-thyroxine (T4)

-calcitonin
SECRETION OF THE THYROID HORMONES ARE REGULATED BY?
-hypothalamus

-pituitary gland
PARATHYROID GLANDS ARE TYPICALLY LOCATED __ TO THE THYROID GLAND AND __ TO THE LCM.
-posteromedial

-anterior
THE VERTEBRAL ARTERIES ARE LARGE BRANCHES OF THE ___ ___.
subclavian arteries
WHAT ARE THE LANDMARKS FOR THE TRANSVERSE THYROID IMAGE?
-CCA (pulsatile & adj)
-trachea (middle of neck with posterior shadowing)
-jugular vein (lateral to CCA)
A normal functioning thyroid with adequate amounts of thyroid hormone is called _________.
Select one:
a. thyroid agenesis
b. hyperthyroid
c. hypothyroid
d. euthyroid
d. euthyroid
The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is which one of the following?
iodine deficiency
Which one of the following structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobe?
larynx
The thyroid gland consists of _____ lobes.
two
The thyroid is an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic function through the production of all of the following hormones except
thyroliberin
The pyramid lobe of the thyroid gland extends from the _____.
superior isthmus
The approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland are:
5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth
Which one of the following sonographic features of a thyroid adenoma is the most common?
Hypoechoic peripheral halo
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