Clement Attlee
Socialist Labor Party under him moved toward estab. of a "Welfare State"; formed government of England after Churchill; nationalized industries.
Willy Brandt
West German chancellor; sought peace with East Germany; went to Poland in December 1970; laid a wreath at the tomb of the unknown soldier and another monument commemoration the armed uprising of Warsaw's Jewish ghetto against Nazi armies after which the ghetto was destroyed and survivors were sent to the gas chambers
Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need.
Brinkmanship
International relations involving the deliberate creation of a risk of was to apply preasure on the other party
Containment
Attempt to contain communism in areas already occupied by the Red Army as indicated in the Truman Doctrine.
Council of Europe
Brought about by the Marshall Plan in 1948 as an attempt to evolve into a Parliament yet became only a multinational debating society
Charles de Gaulle
Leader of Free French General that resigned in 1946 after re-estab. the free, democratic Fourth Republic
Anthony Eden
Opposed Chamberlain's policy of appeasement towards Hitler. Became Prime Minister isn 1955, resigned in 1957.
Ludwig Erhard
Minister of the economy, bet on the free economy while maintaining the extensive social welfare network inherited from the Hitler era.
Euratom
European Atomic Energy Community estab. by the treaty of Rome to regulate and research nuclear energy merged with the EEC
European Coal and Steel Community
International organization to control and integrate all European coal and steel probuction. Consisted of West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France. Number 1 goal = to be so close together economically that war against them would be impossible. "The Six".
Hungarian Revolution
1956. Led by students and workers, installed Liberal Communist Imre Nagy. Forced soviet soldiers to leave and promised free election, renounced Hungary's military alliance with Moscow. Revolution was crushed by the Soviet Union
Iron Curtain Speech
March 1946 Winston Churchill at Fulton College Missouri; said an "iron curtain" had fallen across the Continent
Nikita Khrushchev
Russian premier after stalin. Led de-Stalinization of Russia. A reformer who argued for major innovations.
Marshall Plan
US Secretary of State George C. Marshall urged Americans to offer economic aid-- this was the Marshall Plan. Refused by Stalin
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization-- formed in 1949 by US anti-Soviet Military alliance of Western Governments
"Peaceful Coexistence"
Khrushchev's foreign policy; peaceful coexistence with communism was possible
Schuman Plan
called for special international organization of control and integrate all European coal and steal production