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AP World History Chapter 17-The Colombian Exchange

Terms in this set (47)

the Colombian exchange
Transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between a new and old world
European invasion and settlement of the western hemisphere
Opened a long era of biological and technological transfers that altered American environments
Within a century of first settlements
livestock and crops of the new world had spread over much of Europe
new world's useful staple crops
enriched the agriculture of Europe, Africa and asia
old world diseases
devastated indigenous populations
dramatic population changes
weakened native people's capacity for resistance and accelerated the transfer of plants, animals, and related technologies
colonies of England, France, Portugal and Spain
vast areas of cultural and social experimentation
long isolation
peoples of the new world lacked immunity of diseases
death rates of Amerindian peoples
very high during epidemics of early colonial period
small pox
arrived in the Caribbean in 1518
in Mexico and Central America
more than half of the Amerindian population died during the first wave of small pox epidemics
South America
small pox had equally devastating affects here
measles
arrived in the New World in the 1530's
diphetheria, typhus, influenza and pulmonary plague
later epidemics that affected the New World
mortality
greatest when two or more diseases struck at one time.
malaria and yellow fever
also present in tropical regions by mid-17th century
deadliest form of malaria
arrived with african slave trade
led to similar patters of contagion and mortality
development of English and French colonies in North America
epidemics
nearly exterminated New England's indigenous groups
epidemics
followed french fur traders
deadly results of contact
undermined ability of native peoples to resist settlement
exchange of plants and animals
altered diet and life styles in both the new and old world
settlers
brought all staples of southern european agriculture (eg wheat olives, grapes, and garden vegtables)
colonization
introduced African and Asian crops (eg rice bananas, coconuts, bread, fruit, and sugar
natives
remained loyal to their staples and added citrus fruits, melons, figs and sugar
the americas
offered the old world an abundance of useful plants
maize, potatoes, and manioc
revolutionized agriculture and diet in Europe, Africa & Asia
growth of world population
due to the spread of new useful crops
provided more calories per acre
new world crops
European livestock
dramatic impact on new world environments and cultures
cattle, horses, pigs and sheep
old world livestock
rabbits and rats
old world pests
new animals multiplied rapidly
due to a lack of natural predators
enormous herds of wild cattle and horses
lived on vast plains of Brazil, Uraguay and Argentina
dramatic environmental change
ensued due to rapid spread of livestock
destructive impact of Amerindian agriculturalists
noted by priests and colonial officials, the effect of marauding livestock
wild cattle on plains
provided indigenous peoples with an abundant supply of meat and hides
Navajo
became sheepherders and expert weavers
Amerindians
turned european animals to their own advantage by becoming muleteers, cowboys and sheepherders
horse
striking effect on the cultures of native peoples
horse effects
increased the efficiency of hunters and military capacity of warriors
hunt buffalo herds more efficiently
horses permitted the Apache, Sioux, Blackfoot, Comache, Assiniboine and others to...
horses
revolutionized the cultures of the Mapuche and Pampas peoples in S. America
creation of Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas
accelerated global exchange of peoples, plants and animals, disease and technology
old world diseases
decimated New World peoples and made them vulnerable to expansion
old world animals
overran the landscape and changed new world practices
Both old and new worlds
profited from the introduction of new plants and animals
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