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Chp 12 of the AP textbook

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Industrial Revolution

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Terms in this set (21)

Industrial Revolution

The term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture,commerce, and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovations and specialization in the late 18th century europe.

location theory

A logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of economic activities & the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated. The agricultural location theory contained in the Von Thunen model is a perfect example.

Costs that change with the amount of production (energy supplies, labor costs).

friction of distance

The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance

The effects of distance on interactions, generally greater the distance the less interaction

least cost theory

Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, agglomeration

A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.

The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advancing or increasing costs due to congestion and competition

locational interdependence

Theory developed by economist Harold Hotelling that suggests competitors, in try to maximize sales, will seek to constrain each other's territory as much as possible which will therefore lead them to locate adjacent to one another in the middle of their collective customer base.

primary industrial regions

Western and Central Europe; Eastern North America; Russia and Ukrane; and Eastern Asia, each of which consists of one or more core areas of industrial development with subsidiary clusters

break-of-bulk point

A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. In a port, the cargos of oceangoing ships are unloaded and put onto trains, trucks, and maybe smaller riverboats for inland distribution.

A highly organized and specialized system for organizing industrial production and labor. Named after automobile producer Henry Ford, Fordist production features assembly-line production of standardized components for mass consumption.

World economic system characterized by a more flexible set of production practices in which good are not mass-produced; instead, production has been accelerated and dispersed around the globe by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world and bringing places closer together in time and space then would have been imaginable at the beginning of the 20th century.

just-in-time delivery

Method of inventory management made possible by efficient transportation and communication systems, whereby companies keep on hand just what they need for near-term production, planning that what they need for longer-term production will arrive when needed.

global division of labor

Phenomenon whereby corporations and others can draw from labor markets around the world, make possible by the compression of time and space through innovation in communication and transportation systems