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Chapter 1

Terms in this set (26)

microbiology
the study of microorganisms
-microscopic, single cell, cluster chains carry out life processes independently as single cells
-bacteria and their processes and their effects on society, humans, animals, and environment
two basic themes in micro
-basic-cellular response
-applied-practical problems in agriculture, health, and industry
viruses
-acelluar entities too small to be seen with a light microscope
-composed of nucleic acid (RNA OR DNA) and protein
-bacteriophage: viruses that infect bacteria
-viroids
-prions
bacteria
-single-celled microorganism
-prokaryotic-no membrane organelles
-shapes: spherical, rod, and spiral
algae
-single-celled microorganisms
-eukaryotic- nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
-NOT a common cause of disease in humans
-photosynthetic
-fresh water and marine environments
fungi
-single-celled microorganisms (yeast)
OR
-multi-cellular microorganisms (molds)
-Eukaryotic
-widely distributed in water and soil as decomposers of dead organisms
-some are important to medicine
protozoa
-single-celled microorganisms
-eukaryotic
-have a nucleus (membrane-bound) and other intracellular structures
-found in a variety of water and soil environments
microorganisms
-bacteria
-fungi
-protozoa
-algae
-viruses
virus example
-bacteriophages-viruses that infect bacteria
Pg. 4
viroids
nucleic acid without a protein coating
prions
infectious protenaeceous particles
bacteria example
klebsiella pneumoniae- causes pneumonia
pg. 4
algae example
micrasteria- green algae that lives in fresh water
pg. 4
fungi example
philobolus crystallinus
protozoa example
amoeba
Robert Hooke
-1664
-slices of cork under microscope
A.V. Leeuwennoek
-1684
-observe (cell) living organisms 300X
Ferdinand Cohn
-founder of bacteriology
Louis Pasteur
-disproved spontaneous generation, vaccination, pasteurization
spontaneous generation
the theory that living organisms can arise from nonliving things
Robert Koch
-germ theory, demonstrates that specific microorganisms can cause specific disease (Koch's postulates)
-isolation of harmful pathogens
-developed techniques that furthered advancement of microbiology
first person
techniques for studying microorganisms
-Fannie Hesse
-Richard Petri
-Robert Koch
Fannie Hesse technique
-suggested that agar could be used as a solidifying agent
Richard Petri technique
-developed the petri dish which was used to contain the solid culture media (agar and nutrients)
Robert Koch technique
-used these techniques to isolate the bacterium that caused tuberculosis
agar
-a polysaccharide extracted from certain marine algae and used to solidify medium for growth of microorganisms
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