Cell Biology Chapter 2

calorie

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Terms in this set (30)

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celcius.

when only hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon atoms in linear or circular molecules. Essentially insoluble in water. Important role in the structure of biological membranes.

the charge of carboxyl and phosphate groups as near neutral pH.

the charge of an amino group at a near neutral pH.

neutral but polar

the charge of hydroxyl, sulfhydrl, carbonyl, and aldehyde groups at near neutral pH. Because these groups have polar and nonpolar regions, they are still dissolvable in water.

a carbon atom that has four different substituents.

the property of water that accounts for its cohesiveness, temperature-stabilizing capacity, and its solvent properties due to an unequal distribution of electrons.

the amount of heat a substance must absorb per gram to increase its temperature one degree Celcius. This temperature for water is high because when water is heated, the energy breaks hydrogen bonds before it increases the movement of the molecules.

a fluid in which another substance can be dissolved.

solutes that have an affinity for water and therefore dissolve readily in it. Most small organic molecules such as sugars, organic acids, and some amino acids.