microbiology

prokaryote
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 43
Terms in this set (43)
prokaryote
single celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus
coccus
spherical prokaryote
flagellum
whiplike structure on some cells used for movement
chemoautotroph
prokaryote that obtailns energy directly from inorganic molecules using chemical reactions
binary fission
type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates it's DNA and divides in half, producing two daughter cells
endospore
type of spore produced when a bacterium makes a thick internal wall enclosing it's DNA and some cytoplasm
pathogen
disease causing agent such as a bacterium or fungus
sterilization
process of destroying bacterium using chemicals or heat
lytic infection
process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst
retrovirus
virus that contains RNA as it's genetic information
bacilliusrod shaped prokaryotespirilliumspiral or corkscrew shaped prokaryotephotoautotrophphotosynthetic prokaryotephotoheterotrophsubsides by photosynthesis and consumption of organic compoundsconjugationform of sexual reproduction, prokaryote or paramecia genitic enfo exchangenitrogen fixationconversion of nitrogen gas into amoniaantibioticcompound that blocks growth and reproduction of bacteriavirusparticle taht can only exist by infecting other organismslysogenic infectionprocess by which virus DNA implants in the host cell's DNA and replicates with itbacteriophagevirus that infects bacteriaprotistany eukaryote that is not a plant, an animal, or a fungusamoeboid movementtype of locomotion used by ameobasciliumshort hairlike projection similar to a flagellum, produces movement in many cellsgulletindentation in one side of a ciliate that allows food to enter the cellcontractile vacuolecavity in the cytoplasm of someprotists that collects water and discharges it from the celleyespotgroup of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in the environmentphytoplanktonpopulation of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of planktonpseudopodprojection of cytoplasm or false foot used by some protists for feeding or movementfood vacuolesmall cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores foodtrichocystsmall, bottle-shaped structures used for defense by parameciaanal poreregion of the cell membrane of a ciliate where waste-containing food vacuoles fuse and are then emptied into the environmentaccessory pigmentcompound other than chlorophyl that absorbs light at different wavelengths than chlorophyllpelliclecell membrane in euglenasalgal blooman immediate increase in the amount of algaechitincomplex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeltons of arthropodsmyceliummany hyphae tangled together into a thick mass; comprises the bodies of multicellular fungirhizoidin fungi, a rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an objectlichensymbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organismhyphatiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or a water moldfruiting bodyreproductive structure of fungus that develops from a myceliumsaprobeorganism that obtains food from deccaying organic matterprophagethe viral DNA that is embedded in the host's DNAoncogenic viruscertain viruses that cause cancer in animals