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Practice Question: Cardiovascular System I & II

Terms in this set (58)

_______________ is the formation of new blood vessels via extension or remodeling of existing blood vessels
Angiogenesis
_____________ is the master key gene for heart development
NKX2.5
Mutations in the transcription factor _____________have been known to cause defects in atrial septation
TBX5
Earliest heartbeats occur at approximately day ______
22
____________ is an acellular connective tissue matrix which is an important component of endocardial cushion development
cardiac jelly
The cranial and caudal ends of the heart tube are fixed by pharyngeal arches and septum transversum respectively, hence further growth and expansion creates ________________
looping (to the right)
The _______________ is the 'venous' end of the heart
Sinus venosus
Blood enters the tubular heart at day 22 through the _______________
Sinus venosus
Looping occurs through rapidly enlarging _____________ and ______________
Bulbus cordis;
Ventricle
The left horn of the sinus venosus continues to diminish in size, becoming the______________
Coronary sinus
Dorsal and ventral mesodermal masses called______________ develop toward the end of week 4. This is the beginning of the transformation of the single chambered heart into four chambers
Endocardial cushions
A thin, crescent-shaped tissue fold grows antero-inferiorly from the roof of the primitive atrium towards the fusing endocardial cushions. This is called the _____________
septum primum
A complete division of right and left sides of the heart is not needed until_______________
after birth
The septum primum will fuse with the__________________
endocardial cushions
The foramen secundum will ensure continued shunting of blood from _______to ______ atrium
Right to left
_______________ forms the valve of foramen ovale
Septum primum
Does septum secundum fuse with the endocardial cushions? ______
no
The ____________ is represented in the adult as the auricular appendages on both the right & left sides
Primitive atrium
The wall of the ____________ is smooth due to the incorporation of the primordial pulmonary vein
left atrium
The enlarged right horn of the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium as the _______________ portion
Sinus venarum
The small left horn of the sinus venosus becomes the ___________________
Coronary sinus
The actual closure of the IV foramen and formation of the membranous portion of the IV septum is intimately related to the _________________
Aorticopulmonary septum
The membranous portion of the interventricular septum is derived from 3 sources, ____________, ________________, and _________________
Right bulbar ridge, left bulbar ridge, endocardial cushions
The __________________ portion of the interventricular septum constitutes the majority of this septum
Muscular
Most ventricular septal defects occur in the _______________ portion
Membranous
The bulbus cordis and the truncus arteriosus become partitioned into the __________and __________
Pulmonary trunk, ascending aorta
These paired bulbar and truncal ridges undergo a ______ degree spiral course
180
The primitive atrium acts as the interim ___________ of the heart, then the sinus venosus takes over
Pacemaker
In the embryo (week 5), three major systems of veins are present. These include the ______________ arising from the yolk sac, the ______________ arising from the placenta, and the______________
Vitelline,
Umbilical,
Cardinal
These veins enter the ____________________
Sinus Venosus
Initially these veins are paired and are ___________________
Symmetrical
The ___________ vitelline vein regresses
Left
The proximal-most portion of the right vitelline vein becomes a segment of the _____________
IVC
The right vitelline vein is also essential in forming the ______________ vein
Hepatic portal
As the liver develops and forms anastamotic cords, these become connected to the hepatic __________________
Sinusoids
Umbilical veins carry _________________ from the placenta
Well-oxygenated blood
The ____________ umbilical vein becomes THE umbilical vein, while the ____________ umbilical vein degenerates
Left, Right
A 'by-pass' through the liver is created, called the ______________________
Ductus Venosus
The proximal portion of the right anterior cardinal along with the right common cardinal veins form the _______________________
SVC
The anastomosis between the right and left anterior cardinals forms the _____________________
Left brachiocephalic vein
The left umbilical vein closes after birth and is seen in the adult as the ____________________
Ligamentum teres
After birth the ductus venosus obliterates, forming the ________________________
Ligamentum Venosum
The inferior vena cava forms from 4 sources. The hepatic portion is derived from ________________. The prerenal portion is derived from__________________. The renal segment is derived from __________________. The postrenal portion is derived from __________________
Right Vitelline Vein;
Subcardinal Vein;
Anatamosis between sub and supracardinal veins;
Supracardinal vein
Double superior vena cava is due to persistence of the ________________
Left anterior and common cardinal veins
Double inferior vena cava is due to persistence of the ___________________
Left supracardinal vein
________ pairs of aortic arches arise from the aortic sac
Six
These aortic arches are associated with the ______________ which develop into head and neck structures
Pharyngeal (branchial)
The sixth arch forms the __________________
Pulmonary arteries
The distal portion of the left sixth aortic arch forms the _______________. After birth, this structure closes, as is referred to as the _______________
Ductus arteriosus;
Ligamentum arteriosus
The right subclavian artery is derived from the ________________
Fourth aortic arch
On the left, the fourth arch forms the _________________
Arch of the aorta
What anomaly can cause difficulty or painful swallowing? ____________________
Anomalous (aberrant) right subclavian artery
Originally there are ______ primary lymphatic sacs
six
There are ________ thoracic ducts
two
The ____________ duct is considered to be THE thoracic duct, while the ____________ is very small
left, right
There are _________ circulatory "shunts" of blood in the fetal circulation
Three
These shunts are ______________, ________________, and _______________
Foramen ovale, Ductus arteriosus, Ductus venosus
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus shunt oxygenated blood from the _________ side of the heart to the ___________
Right, left
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