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Gross-Bone Anatomy

Terms in this set (195)

There are four unpaired bones of the neurocranium
Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Frontal and Occipital
Neurocranium bones are
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal
Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid
There are two paired bones in the neurocranium
Parietal and Temporal
Number of bones in neurocranium
8
Viscerocranium bones are
bone of face
Unpaired bones of the viscerocranium
Vomer, Hyoid and Mandible
Intramembranous growth (no cartilage precursor)
Flat bones of skull
All viscrocranium (X:mandibular condyle)
Clavicle
What bone separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae and forms the flood of the middle cranial fossa?
Petrous temporal bone
- IAM runs thru this
- Inner ear located here
Middle meningeal artery is located in___________ cranial fossa and exits by _________________
Middel cranial fossa, foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery
- damage result in epidural hematoma/hemorrage
- pass thru loop formed by auriculotemporal nerve of V3
Middle cranial fossa is formed by ________ and ______ bones.
Sphenoid and Temporal bones
Posterior cranial fossa is formed by _____ and _______ bones.
Occipital and temporal bones.
Contents in Anterior cranial fossa
Frontal Lobes, Cribriform plate, Foramen cecum and Crista Galli
Contents in Middle cranial fossa
Temporal lobes, Pituitary, Optic foramen, Superior orbital fissure, carotid canal, trigeminal ganglion, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale and foramen spinosum.
In which cranial fossa can we found the pituitary?
Middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the trigeminal ganglion?
Middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the optic foramen
Middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the carotid canal?
Middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the superior orbital fissure?
Middle cranial fossa, btw anterior & middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the optic canal?
middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the foramen cecum?
Anterior cranial fossa
What foramen can we found in the anterior cranial fossa?
Foramen Cecum
In which cranial fossa can we found the temporal lobes?
Middle cranial fossa
In which cranial fossa can we found the internal acoustic meatus?
Posterior cranial fossa
- starting from CN7, everything in posterior cranial fossa
Greater palatine foramen is located in _________ bone
Palatine
Lesser Palatine foramen is located in __________ bone
Palatine
Incisive canal is located in _______________ bone
Maxilla
Supraorbital foramen is located in _________ bone
Frontal - supraorbital NAV (V1-Frontal branch)
Infraorbitarl foramen is located in _____________ and _____________ bone
Sphenoid and Maxilla
Optic Canal is located in _________ bone
Sphenoid bone
Superior orbital fissure is located in ___________ bone, between _____________ and ________ wings.
Sphenoid, greater and lesser
Inferior orbital fissure (leads to infraorbital foramen) is located in__________________
Sphenoid and maxilla
Petrotympanic fissure is located in _______ bone
Temporal
Internal acoustic meatus are located in _______bone
Temporal (petrous)
Stylomastoid foramen is located between __________ bone
Temporal
The content of the foramen cecum is
Emissary Vein
The content of the greater palatine foramen are _____, _______ and _________
Greater palatine NAV
The content of the lesser palatine foramen are_____, _______ and _________
Lesser palatine NAV
The content of the incisive canal is
Nasopalatine nerve + end branches of Sphenopalating arteries
The contents of the supraorbital foramen are_____, _______ and _________
Supraorbital NAV (V1-Frontal)
The contents of the infraorbital foramen are _____, _______ and _________
Infraorbital nerve (V-2), artery, and vein
The contents of the optic canal are_____ and _______
Optic Nerve (II) and ophthalmic artery.
The contents of the Superior orbital fissure are _______, _____, ________, _________ and __________
CN3,4,6,V1, Ophthalmic Vein
The contents of the Trigeminal nerve that pass by the superior orbital fissure are_________, _______ and __________
V-1 - lacrimal, frontal and nasociliar nerves
The contents of the Inferior orbital fissure are __________, ___________ and ____________
V-2, infraorbital vessels and ascending branches of sphenopalatine ganglion.
The content of foramen rotundum is
V-2
The contents of Foramen oval are __ and ______
V-3 and lesser petrosal nerve
The contents of foramen spinosum are __________ and _______________
Middle meningeal artery and vein
The contents of the Petrotympanic fissure are_____ and ____________
Chorda tympani and anterior tympanic artery
The contents of the Foramen lacerum are_________ and ___________
Greater and Deep petrosal nerves
What artery runs over top of Greater and Deep petrosal nerves?
Internal Carotid Artery
The contents of the Internal acoustic meatus are _____ and _______ (in roman numbers)
VII and VIII
The content of the Stylomastoid foramen is
Facial nerve
The contents of the Jugular foramen are: __________, _____, ___________, and __________
IJV, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory nerves
The contents of the Foramen magnum are: __, ______________, and ____________
Medulla oblongata/ spinal cord, vertebral arteries, spinal accessory nerve
The contents of the mandibular foramen are _____, ____ and _________
Inferior alveolar nerve, artery and vein
The contents of the mental foramen are____, _____ and _______
Mental nerve, artery and vein.
The components of the ethmoid are (4)
Function of Cribiform plate (Ethmoid bone)
Olfactory foramina
Function of Crista galli (Ethmoid bone)
Attaches to Falx Cerebri
Functions of Lateral plates (what is its content) (Ethmoid bone)
Contain Ethmoid sinuses, lamina papyracea, superior and middel nasal conchae
Function of Perpendicular plate (Ethmoid bone)
Superior part of nasal septum
Inferior nasal conchae is it's own bond
True
The greater wings of the sphenoid contains three foramina
Ovale, spinosum, rotundum
Ethmoid bone contribute to ___ wall of the orbit
Medial wall
Components of Sphenoid
Hollow Body, Greater wings, Lesser wings, Medial & Laterial pterygoid plates
Hollow body of Sphenoid Components
Sella turcica (pituitary gland) and Sphenoidal sinuses
Greater wings of sphenoid forms __ wall of orbit & __ of infratemporal fossa
LATERAL wall of orbit and ROOF of infra temporal fossa
Lesser wings of sphenoid forms __ wall of orbit
ROOF of orbit
Medial pterygoid plates functions
Ends as a hamulus (tensor veli palatine muscle hooks around this)
Lateral pterygoid plates function
Is attachment for BOTH medial and lateral pterygoid muscles ****
7 Bones of the orbit are
Frontal
Sphenoid (greater wings & lesser wings)
Zygoma
Maxilla
Palatine
Lacrimal
Ethmoid (Papyrus)
Nasal septum formed by:
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid + Vomer + Nasal septal cartilage
Upper orbital septum is continuous with the elevator palpebral superiors and the lower orbital septum is continuous with the tarsal plate
True
There are 3 foramens in the orbit
Superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure and optic canal
Floor of orbit = roof of
maxillary sinus
ophthalmic artery is a brach of what artery?
Internal carotid artery
Zygomatic arch is formed by_____ and ______
temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Masseter muscle originates from
Zygoma and zygomatic arch
Space above zygomatic arch
Temporal fossa (Temporalis muscle)
Infratemporal fossa anterior boundaries
posterior maxilla
Infratemporal fossa posterior boundaries
temporal bone (tympanic portion, mastoid, and styloid process
infratemporal fossa medial boundaries
Lateral pterygoid plate
Infratemporal fossa lateral boundaries
Mandibular ramus
Infratemporal fossa Roof and what foramen is there
Greater wings of sphenoid, oval
infratemporal fossa floor boundaries
Medial pterygoid muscle
Content of infra temporal fossa
Temporalis and pterygoid muscle, maxillary artery, pterygoid plexus of veins, mandibular nerve, chorda tympani, otic ganglion
Pterygopalatine fossa anterior boundaries
Maxilla
Pterygopalatine fossa posterior boundaries
Pterygoid plates
Pterygopalatine fossa medial boundaries
nasal fossa
Pterygopalatine fossa lateral boundaries
Infratemporal fossa
Pterygopalatine fossa roof boundaries
Greater wings of sphenoid (opens into inferior orbital fissure)
Pterygopalatine fossa floor boundaries
Pyramidal process of palatine bone
Pyramidal process of palatine bone, inferior ends contains
palatine canal
Content of pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygopalatine third part of maxillary artery and its branch, maxillary nerve, nerve of pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion and branches
Major communications of Pterygopalatine fossa lateral (passageway, content, space)
1.pterygomaxillary fissure
2. posterior superior alveolar NAV, maxillary artery, 3.infratemporal fossa
Major communications of Pterygopalatine fossa anterosuperior (passageway, content, space)
1. inferior orbital fissure
2. cn v-2
3.orbit
Major communications of Pterygopalatine fossa posterosuperior (passageway, content, space)
1. foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal
2. CN V-2, nerve of pterygoid canal (formed by feel and greater petrosal nerves
3.middle cranial fossa
Major communications of Pterygopalatine fossa medial (passageway, content, space)
1. sphenopalatine foramen
2.sphenopalatine artery and vein, nasopalatine nerve
3. nasal cavity
Major communications of Pterygopalaine fossa inferior (passageway, content, space)
1. palatine canals
2. greater and lesser palatine NAVs
3. Oral cavity
Palatine forms the roof of 1._________ and the floor of 2.____________
1.oral cavity
2.nasal cavity
Maxilla are palatal process (location)
anterior two thirds
Palatine bones are horizontal palates (location)
posterior one third
Pterygoid plates of the sphenoid articulates with the maxillary tuberosity in
posterior palate
Incisive foramen are formed by _____ and _______
Scarpa and Stenson foraminas
Scarpa foramina is located in
Midline
Stenson foramina is located in
lateral
Unilateral damaged pharyngeal plexus causes uvula to deviate to ____ side
CONTRALATERAL!!!!
Blocking the nasopalatine nerve we will block
Anterior palatal
Greater and lesser palatine foramen content
Descending palatine vessels and anterior palatine nerve (V-3)
Block of greater and less palatine nerve will result in
block of posterior palate
Palatal foramen
1.Incisive foramen
2. Greater and lesser palatine foramen
Nasal cavity floor
Hard palate
Nasal cavity roof
Cribriform plate of ethmoid, anterior body of sphenoid, nasal spine of frontal bone, nasal bones, lateral nasal cartilages
Nasal cavity lateral wall
Nasal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, anterior conchal bones
Nasal cavity media wall
nasal septum
Nasal cavity external nose structures
Two nasal bones and nasal cartilages
Sensory innervation of nasal cavity
V-2: nasopalatine, infraorbital, greater palatine
v-1: anterior ethmoid nerve
Parasympathetic and secretory glands are supplied by beaches of nasal cavity
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Olfactory ephithelium is innervated by:
Olfactory nerve
Olfactory nerve projects to
Primary olfactory cortex (pryriform cortex)
Blood supply of nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery, anterior ethmoidal brach of ophthalmic artery and septal brach of superior labial brach of facial artery
Superior nasal conchae and upper third of septum contains ________olfactory mucosa
yellowish
Conchae are ______, ________, and __________
Superior, middle and inferior
Conches located in the ethmoid bone
superior and middle
Meatus are located below each______
conchae
Meatus are __, _____, and _______
superior, middle and inferior
The function of the conches is increase air turbulence for:______, _________, and ______
warming, filtering and olfaction
The function of the meatus are drainage points of:_______ and _________
sinuses and nasolacrimal apparatus
Bones forming the nasal septum:______, ______, _______, _______, and _______
ethmoid, vomer, maxilla, palatine, and sphenoid
Components of nasal Septum:
Vertical plate of ethmoid, vomer, nasal crest of maxilla and palatine bone, nasal fret of sphenoid bones, septal cartilage
Number of components of nasal septum
Six
Plexus found in nasal area
Kiesselbach's plexus
Kiesselbach plexus is the result of the anastomosis of five arteries: _______, ______, _______, _________, and _________
Sphenopalatine
Greater palatine
Superior labial (of maxillary artery)
Anterior ethmoid arteries (of ICA) (in the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum)
lateral nasa; branches of facial artery
Most cases of epistaxis arise from
Kiesselbach's plexus
Paranasal sinuses are: ______, _______, _____, and _______
Frontal, maxillary, Ethmoid and sphenoid
Nasolacrimal apparatus drain in:
Inferior meatus (below concha)
Frontal sinuses drain in:
Middle meatus: hiatus semilunaris (below middle concha)
Maxillary sinuses drain in:
Middle meatum: Ostium (below middle concha, within hiatus semilunaris)
Ethmoid sinuses (anterior, middle and posterior) drain in:
Middle meatus (within hiatus semilunaris and ethmoidal bullae) and Superior meatus
Sphenoid sinuses drain in
Sphenoethmoidal recess of nasal cavity
Maxillary sinus are lined by ___________ membrane
Sniderian
A surgical approach to pituitary gland is via _______sinus
Sphenoid
The middle meatus contains opening for the ____, _______, ___________, and __________ sinuses
Frontal, anterior ethmoidal, middle ethmoidal and maxillary
External nose cartilages are:
Lateral, nasal, greater alar, lesser alar
External cartilage of nose is classified as ______ cartilage
Hyaline
Largest and strongest bone of the face
Mandible
Parts of the mandible
Body, Rami, Coronoid process and Condyle
The mandibular canal traverses the mandibular body and opens anteriorly at the ______ foramen
mental
The contents of the mandibular foramen are: ________, ______, and ___________
Inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar artery, inferior alveolar vein
Mandibular foramen is located on the medial side of the rams, below of ___________
lingula
Mental foramen is located below the __________ premolar
second
The nerve that comes from the mental foramen is called:
Mental nerve
Mental nerve provides enervation to _____ and _______ of the mental region
skin and mucous membrane
Incisive branch supplies the pulp chamber of __________ and adjacent _________
anterior teeth, mucous membrane
Lingula is a tongue-shaped projection above the ___________ where the sphenomandibular ligament attaches
mandibular foramen
Scalp mnemonic to remember components of scalp
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
Aponeurosis are: _______, and _______
Galea aponeurotica, epicranial aponeurosis
Scalp bone is diploe, true or false?
true
In the scalp, after periosteum we can found: __, _______, and ______
Bone (diploe)
Meninges
Cerebrum
The three layers that surround the brain and the spinal cord are called ____________
Meninges
Meninges are three:
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Potencial space between periosteum of inner surface of skull and dura mater.
Epidural space
Middle meningeal artery is located in
Epidural space
Meninges inflammation is called
Meningitis
Epidural hematoma involves
middle meningeal artery
Subdural hematoma involves
Bridging vein
Subarachnoid hemorrhage often involves a rupture of a
aneurysm
tough membrane, outermost layer continuous with the periosteum within the skull
Dura mater
Where are formed the venous sinuses in the cranial cavity?
Dura mater
Between dura and arachnoid
Subdural space
Bridging veins and cranial venous sinuses are located here
Subdural space
Spiderlike, interposed between dura and pia. Doesn't follow the sulci, bridges them
Arachnoid
Between arachnoid and pia.
Subarachnoid space
Circle of Willis, cerebral circulation occurs here
Subarachnoid space
This is a space entered with a lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
Subarachnoid space
Layer adherent to the brain and spinal cord. Follows the sulci
Pia mater
What are the two vertical folds of the cerebrum?
Falx cerebri and falx cerebelli
What are the two horizontal folds of the cerebrum?
Tentorium cerebelli and Diaphragma sella
What separates the falx cerebri?
Cerebral hemispheres
What separates the flax cerebelli?
cerebellar hemispheres
What sinuses are formed in the flax cerebri?
Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
What sinus is formed in the flax cerebelli?
Occipital sinus
What separates the tentorium cerebelli?
Hemispheres from cerebellum
What sinus are formed in the tentorium cerebelli?
Straight, transverse, and superior petrosal sinuses
Diaphragma sella is the roof of?
sella turcica
Small hole of the diaphragma sella allows passage of the______
pituitary stalk
Number of Venous Sinuses
thirteen
Paired venous sinuses (by alphabetic order)
Cavernous, Inferior petrosal, superior petrosal, and transverse
Unpaired venous sinuses (by alphabetic order)
Inferior sagittal, sigmoid, straight, superior sagittal, and occipital
Tributaries of dural sinuses are: e_______, d________, and m_______ veins
emissary, diploic, meningeal
Drainage of the head/ brain is via the ________________. Its forms from the _______ and _________ sinuses
Internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal, sigmoid
Ophthalmic veins can communicate with ___________ because there are no valves, retrograde flow occurs
cavernous sinus
superior ophthalmic vein can drains into the _________
cavernous sinus
inferior ophthalmic vein has two branches, one can drains into _________________ and the other can drain into the ______ plexus
cavernous sinus, pterygoid
The superior petrous sinus connects the cavernous sinus and __________
Sigmoid sinus
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