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Depressant Drugs Part 2

Terms in this set (12)

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
-Anxiety, insomnia, panic disorder, seizures
-Cross-tolerance
-Cross-dependence
-Synergism
`Combined use gives more than either drug alone (i.e. 2+2 > 4)
Barbiturates
-Mild relief of anxiety or nervousness induction of anesthesia.

-Primary difference and classification based on duration of action, including:
ultrashort, short, intermediate, and long-acting
Agents
-Ultrashort-acting barbiturates (15-30 minutes duration)
methohexital (Brevital®)
thiamylal (Surital®)
thiopental (Pentothal®)
-Short-acting (2-4 hours duration)
pentobarbital (Nembutal®)
secobarbital (Seconal®)
More Agents
-Intermediate-acting barbiturates (4-5 hours duration)
amobarbital (Amytal®)
butalbital (Fiorinal®)
butabarbital (Butisol®)
aprobarbital (Alurate®)
-Long-acting barbiturates (6-8+ hours duration)
phenobarbital (Luminal®)
mephobarbital (Mebaral®)
Indications
-Current indications
-Seizure prophylaxis & treatment (long acting)
-Anxiety (short-intermediate acting)
-Insomnia (short-intermediate acting)
-Anesthesia (ultra-short acting for induction).
Slang
-barbs
-red devils (esp. Seconal®)
-goof ball
-yellow jacket (esp. Nembutal®)
-block busters
-pinks
-reds
-blues
-Christmas tree
Abuse
-Abuse decreased after the introduction of the benzodiazepines
-Notable individuals such as rock musician Jimmy Hendrix and actress Marylyn Monroe died as a result of barbiturate overdose.
Benzodiazepines
-"Valium-like" agents
-Chlordiazepoxide (Librium®) - first of this class introduced into medical use 1960.
-Diazepam (Valium®) was introduced a few years later.
Therapy
-Anti-anxiety, Anticonvulsant
-Obsessive-compulsive,
-Panic attacks & Phobic disorders
-Post-traumatic stress disorder
-Extrapyramidal disorders
-Muscle tremors & spasticity
-Sedation for medical procedures
-Skeletal muscle relaxant
-Insomnia & Parasomnias
Abuse
-Among the most abused of prescription drugs.
-Potentiates effect of alcohol.
-Health care professionals.
-Relaxation, sleepiness, sluggishness and in-coordination
Categories
PRIMARY ANXIOLYTICS
Alprazolam - Xanax®
Chlordiazepoxide - Librium®
Clonazepam - Klonopin®
Clorazepate - Tranxene®
Diazepam - Valium®
Halazepam - Paxipam®
Lorazepam - Ativan®
Midazolam - Versed®
Oxazepam - Serax®
Prazepam - Centrax®
PRIMARY HYPNOTICS
Estazolam - ProSom®
Flurazepam - Dalmane®
Temazepam - Restoril®
Triazolam - Halcion®
Quazepam - Doral®
Other Sedatives-Hypnotics
Non-benzodiazepines
Buspirone - BuSpar®
Zaleplon - Sonata & Zolpidem -Ambien®
Meprobamate - Miltown®, Equanil®
Methaqualone - "Quaalude" Sopor®
Glutethimide - Doriden®
Chloral hydrate - Noctec®
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine - Benadryl®
Hydroxyzine - Atarax® or Vistaril®
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