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World History Chapter 16 Review

Terms in this set (25)

After the Glorious Revolution, several new institutions marked the transition of England's government to a _________.
constitutional monarchy
The theory of _______ states that monarchs rule by the will of God
divine right
The English Bill of Rights sets out the principle of __________
habeas corpus
Peter the Great pursued a policy of _________ to make Russia more modern
westernization
The ____ of Poland occurred in the 1700s when the rulers of Austria, Russia, and Prussia agreed to split that country among themselves
partition
In this period, nearly every major European nation was ruled by a(n) ______.
absolute monarch
How did resources from the Spanish colonies in the Americas contribute to the decline of Spain?
Treasure from the Americas led to the neglect of farming and commerce and to soaring inflation
What was the Spanish Armada?
A fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England; it was defeated
What were 2 symbols of the reign of Louis XIV and what was their significance?
The sun and Versailles, both of which signified power & brilliance.
(a) What were the immediate causes of the English Civil War? (b) What were some important results?
(a)Parliament executed the king's chief ministers and refused to be dissolved; Charles led troops into the House of Commons to arrest its radical leaders. (b) Charles I was executed, the monarchy was abolished, and Cromwell took power.
How did the Glorious Revolution limit royal power in England?
Parliament forced William and Mary to accept the English Bill of Rights, which ensured Parliament's supremacy over the monarchy
What events led to the start of the Thirty Years' War?
King Ferdinand's suppression of Protestantism; the Defenestration of Prague; the rush to make alliances
What reforms did Peter the Great carry out?
imposed requirements on nobles (or boyars), imported technology, improved education, simplified the alphabet, set up academics, improved waterways and canals, developed mining and textiles, and backed new trading companies
What was one long-term goal of the Russian monarchs and how was it finally achieved?
To get a warm-water port; it was finally achieved by Catherine's successful war against the Ottomans
What events led to the rise of absolute monarchies and the development of centralized nation-states in Europe?
Strong rulers centralized power, reduced the influence of nobles and the church, fought wars to increase territory, and used the doctrine of divine right to justify absolute power
What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V?
a) Ottomans advancing across Europe
b) a Protestant rebellion in Spain
c) the War of the Spanish Succession
d) an English invasion of Europe
a
An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to
a) defend the Catholic Reformation
b) make peace with England
c) end the Inquisition in the Netherlands
d) promote religious freedom
a
In 1598, the Edict of Nantes helped to ensure
a) that France and Spain would not unite
b) that Germans could choose their own religion
c) that French Catholics would not be persecuted
d) that French Protestants would not be persecuted
d
When the Huguenots left France in the 1680s, their departure
a) weakened the army of Louis XIV
b) seriously hurt the French economy
c) destroyed the power base of Henry IV
d) damaged the French bureaucracy
b
The Long Parliament met when Charles I requested funds to
a) suppress a Catholic rebellion
b) suppress a Scottish rebellion
c) run the Commonwealth
d) build up his new model army
b
What was a result of the treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?
a) France gained territory on its Spanish and German frontiers
b) Germany became united under a strong, central government
c) The Netherlands became part of the Hapsburg empire
d) Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria
a
What did Maria Theresa do to strengthen the Hapsburg empire?
a) She drove the Prussians out of Silesia
b) She reorganized the Hapsburg bureaucracy
c) She established Austria's overseas colonies
d) She negotiated the Peace of Westphalia
b
Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire to
a) break the Ottoman siege of Vienna
b) gain a warm-water port on the Mediterranean Sea
c) capture the Ottoman port of Constantinople
d) gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea
d
Under the rule of Catherine the Great,
a) taxes increased for wealthy landowners
b) conditions improved for Russian peasants
c) Russia ended its cultural link with the West
d) Russia seized lands in eastern Poland
d
In Prussia, the Junkers were
a) clergy who opposed Frederick William I
b) clergy who supported the Habsburgs
c) nobles who supported Frederick William I
d) poor peasants who opposed Frederick William I
c
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