HIST 150 Ch. 4

What was the city-state that ultimately gained control of the entire Mediterranean?
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What was the city-state that ultimately gained control of the entire Mediterranean?
Rome
What did the Roman historian Livy attribute the success of the Romans to?
Their upright character.
What were some advantages of the site of Rome?
It was on a river with access to both the sea and the inferior, it was on protecting hills overlooking a fertile plain, and it was midway along Italy's western plain fostering trade and commerce.
Who were the neighboring people that MOST influenced Roman early development?
The Estruscans
Who was the Etruscan monarchy that ruled Rome overthrown by in 509 B.C.?
The Roman aristocracy, or patricians
The Roman Republic established in 509 B.C. was...
An oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians
Laws were enacted not by the Senate in the Roman Republic, but by whom?
The Tribal Assembly
Who was the "Struggle of Orders" between?
Roman Patricians and Roman Plebeians
What did the "Struggle of Orders" between the Patricians and the Plebeians in ancient Rome result in?
Wealthy Plebeians achieving virtual equality with the patricians
What did the government depend heavily on in the system of patrons and clients in the Roman Republic?
Informal relations among people.
According to Cicero, Romans, compared to other people were...Far more likely to reverence the godsWhat was true about the city of Rome during the later republic?The Forum was both the economic and the political venter of the city, the Subura was the most notorious slum in the city, and there were numerous public baths that catered separately to men and womenRoman religion was considered what?Polytheistic with gods and goddesses for practically everythingWhat was true about Roman children?They were highly valued regardless of sex or state of health, they were given the right to express themselves freely as individuals, and they were carefully shaped and disciplined to be obedient and embody Roman valuesWhat was true about the Roman family?Fathers were the primary authority, ancestors as well as household gods were worshipped, and women could wield some political influence through authority over their sons.What activities would also be found at the bath houses besides bathing?Massages, socializing, and exercisingWhat was the traditional soldier in the Roman army?A tax-paying citizen of RomeWho colonized Carthage?The PhoeniciansThe city of Carthage had what?an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and AfricaThe First Punic War began with a struggle over what?SicilyIn order to fight a war with Carthage, the Romans did what?Built a navy equipped with ships that enabled soldiers to board the enemy shipsWhat did the Romans acquire at the end of the First Punic War?SicilyWhat was Hannibal's strategy in the Second Punic War?To swiftly cross the Alps into Italy and by winning some big battles persuade Rome's subject peoples to join his side.Who was Hannibal finally defeated by in North Africa near Carthage at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.?Scipio AfricansWho was the Roman senator who provoked the third and last Punic War by constantly repeating that "Carthage must be destroyed?"Cato the ElderWhat was one abusive practice of Roman rule over foreign provinces?To allow tax contractors to extract more taxes than had been accessed.As a result of the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean, what happened to slavery?It increased as large numbers of prisoners of war were sold as slaves.The most serious slave revolt in Roman history took place in 73 B.C. when 70,000 slaves revolted under the leadership of whom?SpartacusWhat did the growing disparity between rich and poor in Rome lead to?The development of a potentially revolutionary mob in Rome.The Romans had many engineering accomplishments, what were some of these?The use of concrete, building aqueducts, and building bridgesWhat is the outstanding example of Roman religious architecture that is still in use today?PantheonWhat did the career or Publius Terentius Afer demonstrate?That is was possible for a North African slave to become a Roman playwright, noted for the brilliance of his Latin writing.Who was the great Latin orator, statesman, and master of prose?CiceroWhy did the Gracchi brothers attempt to redistribute land and make jobs for the poor?Because the Roman army needed small citizen farmers and taxpayers to fill its ranksWhat was the First Triumvirate?a political alliance of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus to bypass most of the formal Roman political structure.Who did Caesar associate himself politically with?The popularesHow did Julius Caesar achieve supreme power in Rome?By defeating Pompey and his Senatorial alliesWhat reforms did Caesar carry out when he took power?Introducing a solar calendar of 365 days and a leap year every four years, improved grain distribution to the people and public works for jobs, and established Roman colonies for the poor and landless citizens.How did Caesar stray from traditional Roman custom and politics?By accepting a dictatorship for life, wearing royal regalia and establishing a priesthood to worship his genius, and having his image paced on coins.Who was Caesar assassinated by?A group of senators.