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Ch. 7 Study Guide

Terms in this set (56)

Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
Robert Hooke
The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that
all plants and animals are made of cells
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Very few cells reproduce
The cell theory applies to
bacteria, plants and animals, and multicellular organisms
Electron microscopes can reveal details
1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes
Which type(s) of microscopes can produce three-dimensional images of cells?
Scanning electron microscopes
Researchers use fluorescent labels and light microscopy to
follow molecules moving through the cell
Prokaryotes lack
a nucleus
Which of the following contain a nucleus?
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes usually contain
a nucleus, specialized organelles, and genetic material
Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
Bacteria
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
Stores DNA, controls most of the cell's processes, and contains the information needed to make proteins
Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
Cytoplasm
Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells?
The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins
Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?
Ribosome
Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?
Lysosome
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Ribosome
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
Mitochondrion
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
Mitochondrion
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
Helps a cell keep its shape
Which structures carry out cell movement?
Microtubules and microfilaments
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
Prevents chromosomes from separating
The main function of the cell wall is to
Support and protect the cell
Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
usually made of tough fibers
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
Animals
Which of the following structures serves as the cell's boundary from its environment?
Cell membrane
Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
Regulates which materials enter and leave the cell
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
Proteins
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion occurs because
molecules constantly move and collide with each other
When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will
move across the membrane in both directions
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
Active transport
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmosis
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
water to move into the cell
Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?
Cell specialization
The cells of multicellular organisms are
specialized to perform different tasks
All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPT
a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis
Which of the following is an example of an organ?
Heart
All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT
digestive
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(an)
tissue
Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system?
Stomach
An organ system is a group of organs that
work together to perform a specific function
Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?
Cell, tissue, organ, and organ system
The smallest units of life in all living things are:
cells
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacterium
The structur that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called
the cell membrane
Cell membranes
are thin coverings that surround cells
The shape of a protein is determined by
the type and order of its amino acids
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
organelle
A particullary active cell might contain large numbers of
mitochondria
In which of the following organelles is a cell's ATP produced?
Mitochondrion
Numerous threadlike ogranelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called
cilia
Proteins are made in cells on the
ribosomes
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
golgi apparatus
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