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Western Civ. to 1600 test #1

Terms in this set (46)

Neolithic Revolution
"New Stone Age" A change in living patterns occurred in this time, the biggest being a shift from hunter-gather to planting crops. This gave rise to more permanent settlements. Trade began and inequality between men and women began.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a time period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. By the end of this time period most tools are no longer stone, but bronze.
Sumerians
Created the Mesopotamian civilization. Established a number of city-states that were surrounded by walls. Kings received powers from gods. Agriculture was their primary economy, but commerce and industry became important. Had four major social groups: Elites, dependent commoners, free commoners, and slaves.
Theocracy
"Government by divine authority" Sumerians believed in this system.
Sargon
Leader of the Akkadian Empire. He overran the Sumerian city-states and established a dynastic empire. Used former rulers of city-states as governors. His power was based on the military.(5400 soldiers)
Divination
The practice of seeking knowledge of the future or unknown things by supernatural means.
Cuneiform
Wedge shaped system of writing used by the Sumerians. They pressed these shapes in to clay stones and then let them dry in the sun. "oldest Mesopotamian text"
Pharaoh
A ruler in Ancient Egypt.
Amon-Ra
the most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods. As the chief deity of the Egyptian Empire, Amon-Ra also came to be worshipped outside of Egypt
Osiris
Important symbol of resurrection in Egyptian culture. By identifying with Osiris one could hope to gain new life.
Pyramids
One of the greatest achievements of the Egyptian civilization. Built during the Old Kingdom. Not built in isolations, but a larger complex dedicated to the dead. Large pyramid for the king and two smaller ones for his family and mastabas. Had great rooms with prized possessions.
Hieroglyphics
A formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood
Akhenaten
Introduced the worship of Aten, god of the sun disk, the supreme god and later tried to make it the only god. His attempts at religious change failed.
Indo-Europeans
Refers to a people that used a langue that derived from a single parent tongue. (Greek, Latin, Persian, and sanskrit) Began major nomadic movements to Europe. They originate north of the black sea, or in southwestern Asia.
Hittites
Major powers, will convey a lot of other cultures. They were the first Indo-European people to make use of iron, which was stronger for tools and weapons.
Hebrews
"The children of Israel" They described themselves as nomads organized into clans, the Hebrews tradition states that they were descendants of Abraham. Drought caused them to move to Egypt where then were eventually inslaved until Moses led them eastward into the Exodus. They wandered for many years and then eventually settled in Cannan and organized themselves into the 12 tribes.
Judaism
is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text.
Yahweh
The Jewish peoples God. He created the heavens and the earth and everything in it.
Torah
The law code, governing the lives of worshipers and the relation to one another and to the non-Jewish population.
Assyrians
Well rounded war machine. Took use of terror tactics way to far. Created crucifixion and systematic crulity.
Neo-Babylonians
Took down Assyria in the capital of Nineveh, was responsible for establishing a new Babylonian Monarchy.
Nebuchadnezzar II
He built the hanging gardens. He was renowned for prosperity in agriculture, trade routes and industries; especially textiles and metals. He rebuilt Babylon as the center of his empire.
Zoroastrianism
one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran.
Minoan Crete
Earliest Civilization in the Aegean Region, southeast of the Greek mainland. They were a bronzed aged civilization. Were not Greek, but did have some influence on the peoples on the Greek mainland. Was probably a large commercial land. The fall is assumed to be a Tsunami.
Mycenaean Culture
A warrior people, who prided themselves in heroic deeds in battle. Had an extensive commercial network. The kings were the highest rank in the social ladder and following them was, the commanders of the army, poets, bureaucrats, soldiers, artisians, and peasants, then slaves and serfs.
Heinrich Schliemann
a German businessman and a pioneer of field archaeology. He was an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer.
Iliad
an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer. Exhibited glory, honor, authenticity, arete(excellent)
Odyssey
sequel to the Iliad, mainly centers on the greek hero Odysseus.
Polis
developed slowly during the dark ages and emerged as a unique and fundamental institution in Greek society. A place for people to assemble for political, religious or social activities.
Phalanx
a body of troops or police officers, standing or moving in close formation.
Sparta
Sought stability and conformity and emphasized order. Babies were examined and if they seemed unfit were left to die. Boys were taken from their moms at age 7 and put under control of the state. At 20 spartan males were enrolled in the Army. Each spartan Citizen own a piece of land and worked it to provide for the economic development. An oligarchy was formed with the new spartan state. Two Kings controlled everything.
Athens
allowed individual differences and stressed freedom. Established a unified polis. Had serious economic problems. Solon reforms Athens and let the slaves go who owed debt, although he didn't fix the problem.
Cleisthenes
His reforms laid the foundation for Athens democracy. He enrolled all citizens to ten new tribes, giving them a basic role in political structure. Males had the right to an assembly of passing all laws after a free and open debate.
Pericles
was arguably the most prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age— specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. He promoted the arts and literature; it is principally through his efforts that Athens holds the reputation of being the educational and cultural center of the ancient Greek world. He started an ambitious project that generated most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis.
Peloponnesian War
was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. The cause of the war involved conflicts between Corinth and Athens and between Athens and Megara. The two allies threaten to withdraw from the Peloponnesian league if sparta didn't back them. The athenians refused the compromise and this sparked the war.
Herodotus
Widely referred to as "The Father of History" , he was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically and critically, and then to arrange them into a historiographic narrative--The Histories.
Thucydides
an Athenian historian, political philosopher and general.
Parthenon
a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron.
Socrates
"know thy self" He loved philosophy and taught people,but not for pay, because he believed that education was to improve someone. He created the Socratic Method.
Aristotle
Philosopher, Tutor to Alexander the Great. Wished for an effective form of government. His ideas played an enormous role in western areas during the middle ages.
Philip II of Macedon
was the King (Basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. Military skills and expansionist vision of Macedonian greatness brought him early success.
Oracle at Delphi
the most important shrine in all of Greece.
Archimedes
Hellinistic philosopher. inventor, and astronomer. He is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. discovered pi
Hippocrates
a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles, and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine (first to separate medicine from philosophy.)
Epicureanism
He believed that what he called "pleasure" is the greatest good, but the way to attain such pleasure is to live modestly and to gain knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of one's desires
Stoicism
taught that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge, and that the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason. Influences the Romans.
Verified questions
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