Unit 2: Absolutism and Constitutionalism

Henry IV
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Terms in this set (39)
Henry IV
king of France who converted to Catholicism and issued the Edict of Nantes.He worked to revitalize his kingdom He lowered taxes and improved the infrastructure of the country
Sully
Finance minister of Henry IV and helped him established government monopolies over a number of key commodities (such as salt) to restore the finances of the monarchy. Also helped limit power of nobility
Louis XIII
ruler at 9 yrs old. and appointed Cardinal Richelieu
Richelieu
First minister of the French crown who headed the government for Louis XIII. Allowed monarchy to maintain power. He extended use of the intendants, repressed Protestantism, and aimed to destroy the Catholic Habsburgs' influence that surrounded France.
Louis XIV
Successor of Richelieu at 4-5 years old. Appointed Cardinal Mazarin. Prevented united expression, revoked Edict of Nantes. Moved court and government to Versailles
Mazarin
Appointed by Louis XIV and continued Richelieu's policies. His struggle to raise taxes to pay for a war led to Fronde
Bishop Bossuet and Divine Right of Kings
since the king was chosen by God, only God was fit to judge the behavior of the king, not angry nobles
Fronde
uprisings from the raise in taxes that happened in the early reign of Louis XIV.
Colbert
Louis XVI's controller general who was a financial genius. He instituted a system known as mercantisism
mercantilism
collection of government policies for the regulation of economic activities by and for the state. Basically the government controls foreign trade with the goal of profiting from it
War of Louis XIV: Dutch war, Nine Years War, War of Spanish SuccessionDutch War - Triple Alliance between Dutch, England, & Sweden after England & France were against Dutch. Nine Years War - Louis XIV conquered Strasburg that angered people in League of Augsburg Spanish Succession - Between between Spain and France, giving Philip V the throne.Peace of Utrechtseries of treaties that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe & marked rise of BritishPhilip IIIa king who had no solutions to the problems of aristocrat lifestyle, high taxes, ignored scientific methods, and decline in agricultural productivity. He gave his power to the duke of Lerma who used it to advance his personal gain.Philip IVa king similar to Philip III that left power of his several kingdoms to Gaspar de Guzman, Count-Duke of OlivaresHabsburgsa composite state in Austria. They emerge from the 30 Years War weak. Failed trying to destroy Protestantism in Germany and focused on trying to unify their state. Ferdinand II reduced power of Bohemian States and Ferdinand III followed his lead and centralized the government and created an army to prevent rebellion.Magyars - Hungarian nobilityHungarians. Magyar tribes that were the framework of Hungary.HohenzollernFamily that ruled parts of eastern Germany as the imperial electors of Brandenburg and the dukes of PrussiaJunkersnobility and landowning classes that dominated Brandenburg & Prussia estatesFredrick William the Great Elector"elector" determined to unify Brandenburg, Prussia, and territories along the Rhine. He made Junkers forced to pay taxes. He tripled state revenue and expanded army by being financially independent.Frederick William I (r.1713-1740)Completed his grandfathers work of eliminating last traces of parliamentary states and self government. He made Prussia a military state. He ordered all men to train in the army and made Prussia a disciplined society.Romanov familystarting with Michael Romanov. Tsar achievements included land gained in Ukraine, complete conquest of Siberia, and formation of army.Ivan IV "the Terrible"tsar who crowned himself. He went against his advisers and defeated remnants of Mongols and executed many people who were deemed suspicious.Peter the Greatheir to Romanov efforts of state-building. He led his officials on a tour throughout Europe to learn from there ideas to improve life back in Russia. He strengthened his army to gain victory on the Swedish. He created schools, and raised taxes to fund his wars.boyarshigh ranking members of Russian nobility that helped Muscovite princes consolidate their power.Elizabeth Iqueen of England who was able to maintain control of her land by not marrying but she left no immediate heirJames IScottish cousin of Elizabeth I who succeeded her. He was against constitutional monarchy and believed in the absolutist way of divine right. Him and his son Charles I wanted absolutism. He went against Puritans by saying "No bishop, no king"Charles ISon of James I who was completely against constitutional monarchy and Puritans. He went against Puritans by marrying a Catholic PrincessBook of Common Prayerone of the two elements attempted by William Laud that was a prayer book modeled on the Anglican Church"Long Parliament"Parliament from 1640 to 1660 that limited power of monarchs and made government without the Parliament impossibleOliver CromwellMember of the House of Commons and devout Puritan. He was an army leader and he helped create a republican government called the Protectorate. He divided England into 12 military districts, accepted all Christians but denied Roman Catholics to practice faith. His government collapsed on his deathLeviathanwritten by Philosopher Thomas Hobbes that had a negative view on man. His social contract said that all members of a society must place themselves under the rule of a sovereign who would maintain peace and order.The Restoration1660 that gave throne to Charles II and restored both houses of ParliamentCharles IIking of England who had a short-lived determination to work well with the Parliament and eventually started taking bribes to relax laws against CatholicsTest Actlegislation enacted by Parliament that denied people outside of the Anglican Church to vote, hold public office, preach, teach, attend universities, or assemble.James IIking after Charles II who violated the test act by appointing Catholics and eventually granted religious freedom to all :) Fled to France because of opposers.William and Maryking and queen of England after James II that saw the end of divine right and brought back constitutional monarch. They approved the Bill of RightsBill of Rightsmade be men who were in favor of the revolution that made the Parliament unable to be suspended by crown. Denied Protestants and Catholic minority to bear arm. Allowed Parliament to be called once every 3 years.Two Treatises of Governmentwritten by John Locke that said that government that breaks it function of protecting natural rights of life, liberty, and property becomes tyrannyRobert Walpoledeveloped the idea that cabinet was responsible to the House of Commons