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Western Civilization- Exam 2

Terms in this set (89)

Greek culture after the time of Alexander the Great mixed with that of the cultures of various eastern nations, this mixed Greek culture is today called?
hellenistic
What Greek ruler of Syria persecuted the Jews and instituted idol worship in the Temple of Jerusalem?
Antiochus IV
The Bosci were?
In their time the Grazers were known as either Bosci in Latin or Boskoi in Greek, both words sharing the meaning "grass-eaters" (Ascetic Christians who eat grass.)
The Minoan Civilization was centered on what island?
island of Crete
What seems to have caused the end of the Minoan Civilization?
Eruption of Volcano Thera
Alexander the Great followed his father Philip II as the king of what nation?
Macedonia
What Persian king did Alexander the Great defeat?
Darius III
Under which Greek leader did Athens reach the zenith of its military power and the peak of its cultural development?
Pericles
What happened at the Battle of Salmis in 479 BC that was so important for the future of Greece?
Greek navy defeated the Persians.
In which battle did the famous 300 Spartans fights?
Battle of Thermopylae
Which man was responsible for killing Alexander the Great's family?
Casandor
The members of the First Triumvirate were?
Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompei
Which was not a provision of the Benedictine Rule?
Marriage
Who was the first true "emperor" of the Roman Empire?
Caesar Augustus
What famous general led the Carthagenians and almost defeated Rome in the 2nd Punic War?
Hannibal the Great
Ancient, heavily-armed, Greek, Infantry soldiers were called?
Hoplites
Which two cities fought each other in the Peloponnesian Wars?
An ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
The monastery of Monte Cassino in Italy was founded by?
St. Benedict
Pachomius was the founder of?
Cenobitic Monasticism
Which was not one of the four great Greek families which divided the Empire of Alexander the Great into four kingdoms?
Attalios, Ptolemies, Seleucids, Antigonids
The lower class people of ancient Greece were called?
Demoi
The upper class people of ancient Greece were called?
Aristo
A trireme was?
A Greek warship
Which Jewish group was violently opposed to Roman rule?
Zelots
The "Pax Romana" was?
This was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD
Which Roman emperor went totally insane?
Nero
Which Roman general and future Roman emperor defeated the Jews in 70 AD and burned their Temple?
Titus
Which Roman Emperor is famous for building an extensive all-weather road system in the Roman Empire?
Caesar Augustus
The Roman Republic lasted from?
509 BC- 31 BC
On what island did the Athenians loose their entire fleet and 50,000 men during the Peloponnesian War?
Sicily
King of Hell
Hades
Parthenon was her temple
Athena
Known the Romans as Diana
Artemis
Goddess of the hearth and family
Vesta
Same as Roman god Mars
Ares
Known to the Romans as Venus
Aphrodite
Greek god of the sea
Neptune
King of gods for Greeks
Zeus
Greek god of wine and orgies
Dionysius
Wife of Jupiter
Juno
Blacksmith of the gods
Hephaestus
Oracle of Delphi
Apollo
The Peloponnesian Wars
Thucydides
The Republic
Plato
The City of God
Augustine
The Anabasis
Xenophon
The Koran
Muhammad
Latin Vulgate
Jerome
Corpus Juris Civilis
Justinian
The Aeneid
Virgil
Wars of the Jews
Josephus
Oedipus Rex
Sophocles
The Iliad
Homer
The Histories
Herod
The Bacchae
Euripides
Earth Rotates on its axis
Heraclides
Calculated the size of the earth
Eratosthenes
Built Paros Lighthouse
Sostratus
Father of Geometry
Euclid
Theory of Atoms
Democritus
Discovered nerves
Herophilus
Tides caused by the moon
Posidonius
Heliocentric theory
Aristarchus
Specific gravity of matter
Archimedes
Father of Medicine
Hippocrates
Plato
Ideas of form
Aristotle
Peripatetics and Logic
Antisthenes
Founder of cynics
Hedonism
Do what feels good- pleasure
Epicureanism
Calculate pain and pleasure
Diogenes
Lived in Barrel
Pythagoras
All things are numbers
Zeno
Stoics founder
Stoicism
"Grin and bear it" philosophy
Origen
Christian neo-platonist
Augustine
Christian neo-platonist. Wrote The City Of God.
Athenasius
Defended Orthodox position
Delian League (long answer)
A naval league made in 478 by the Athenians and the islands in the Aegean Sea. It was intended to protect against the Persian navy. Eventually the Athenians used it to gain control of all the Greek islands in the Aegean. It was eventually used against the Spartans in the Peloponnesian Wars.
Hagia Sophia (long answer)
Built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian in ca. 535 AD in the city of Constantinople. Huge rich church and the original home church of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Captured by the Muslim Turks in 1435 AD and converted into a Muslim mosque.
Alcibiades (long answer)
Rich, brilliant, handsome, young man from Athens. He was a great speaker and convinced the Athenians to try to capture the city of Syracuse and the Island of Sicily during the second phase of the Peloponnesian War from 421-413 BC. Lacked self-control and was charged with attacking idols in Athens and making fun of Athenian religion during a drunken party. Fled to Sparta and told Sparta Athenian plan to capture Syracuse. His behavior led to the eventual defeat of Athens when they lost 50,000 men on the Island of Sicily.
Epaminodas (long answer)
Brilliant general from the city of Thebes who devised tactics to defeat the Spartan army. He also trained Philip II the father of Alexander the Great. He defeated but was also killed by the Spartans at the Battle of Mantinea in 362 BC.
Parthenon (long answer)
Built by Pericles in ca. 450 BC. Beautiful temple dedicated to worship of the goddess Athena. Located in the city of Athens. Prime example of ancient Greek architecture.
Draco (long answer)
The leading archon in the city of Athens in ca. 625 BC who passed a series of very harsh laws against the demoi. Their harshness only caused more discontent among the demoi and were later repealed. Draconian is today used as a term for very harsh laws.
The Nicean Creed (long answer)
Statement of orthodox Christian belief issued by the Council of Nicea in 325 AD. It was issued in response to the teachings of Arius who rejected the Trinity and the full deity of Christ. The Emp. Constantine called this meeting to deal with this issue. At one time nearly every Christian denomination in the world followed the Nicean Creed, but not today.
Cleisthenes (long answer)
Called the "Father of the Athenian democracy." Lived around 500 BC and undertook reforms placing Athens under control of the common people of Demoi.
Battle of Issus (long answer)
Fought in 333 BC by King Alexander the Great of Macedonia Greece and King Darius III of the Persian Empire. Battle site is today located in southeast Turkey. Although vastly outnumbered, Alexander destroyed the army of Darius, and captured his family. This battle basically decided the fate of the Persian Empire.
Themistocles (long answer)
An Athenian who convinced Athens to build new warships called "triremes". It was he and his warships who defeated the navy of the Persian King Xerxes at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. He also fought the Persians at Marathon in 490 BC.
Battle of Actium (long answer)
Naval battle fought in 31 BC in the Ionian Sea between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Battle between Mark Antony and Cleopatra against Octavian who will eventually be called Caesar Augustus. Augustus won and became the Emperor of Rome. End of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide.
Battle of Magnesia
Battle fought in western Asia Minor between the Romans led by Scipio Asiaticus and King Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire. Romans crushed Antiochus and forced him to pay huge war fine, give up land, give up navy, and give a son as hostage. Beginning of the end of the Seleucid Empire.
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