Sociology Exam 2 Chapter 7

Term
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Deviance
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Terms in this set (24)
Deviance
The recognized violation of cultural norms (outsider)
Can be looked at negatively or positively
Varies according to cultural norms
What do deviant actions or attitudes have in common
Some element of difference that causes us to think of another person as an "outsider"
Crime
The violation of society's formally enacted criminal law
Social control
attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviors
Criminal justice system
The organizations that respond to alleged violations of the law (police, courts, and prison officials)
Durkheim's Thoughts on Deviance
1. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.
2. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.
3. Responding to deviance brings people together.
4. Deviance encourages social change.
Labeling theory
deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions
Stigma
A powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity
Medicalization of deviance
The transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition
Hirschi's Control Theory
1. Attachment: Strong social attachments (i.e. family) encourage conformity.
2. Opportunity: The greater a person's access to legitimate opportunity, the greater the advantages of conformity.
3. Involvement: Extensive involvement in legitimate activities, such as holding a job, inhibits deviance.
4. Belief: Strong belief in conventional morality and respect for authority figures restrain tendencies toward deviance.
White collar crimecrime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupationCorporate crimethe illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalforganized crimea business supplying illegal goods or serviceshate crimea criminal act against a person or a person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other biasviolent crimecrimes against the person, direct violence or threat of violence against othersproperty crimescrimes against property, involve theft of property belonging to othersvictimless crimesviolations of law in which there are no obvious victimsplea bargaininga legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces a charge in exchange for a defendant's guilty plearetributionact of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crimedeterrencethe attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishmentrehabilitationprogram for reforming the offender to prevent later offensessocietal protectionrenders an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by executioncriminal recidivismlater offenses by people previously convicted of crimes about 2/3 of people released from prison are arrested again within three yearscommunity based correctionscorrectional programs operating within society at large rather than behind prison walls (probation, shock probation, and parole).