Is correlation the same as causation?No it is not. Causation involves relationship between a variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other Correlation is the relationship that exists between two thingsBe able to recognize an example of the three major theoretical perspectives.Functionalist (purpose and dysfunction of smoking) Conflict (who benefits from smoking; anti smoking policies serves as a distraction) Interactionist (symbols and changes in meaning of smoking)Be able to provide an example of manifest and latent function.Manifest Function: of WMU -provide education, prepare for career Latent Function: of WMU -marriage partner, decrease criminal activityCultureThe totality of learned and shared understandings and includes values, customs, objects, symbols and knowledge.Ethnocentrismbelief that your culture is the best or the only correct one- others are inferior.Looking-Glass Selfthe self is a product of our social interactions with others.Impression Managementtry to influence how others perceive youSanctionspenalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm (+ or -).Socializationlearning to become a member of the groups and society in which one lives.Resocializationprocess of discarding former behavior patterns accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's lifeDegradation Ceremonytransforming an individual's total identity into an identity lower in the relevant group's scheme of social types.What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis state?our ideas depend mostly on language.What did the Asch line experiment demonstrate?group pressures can influence beliefs or deeply held values and moralsSubculturea segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger society.Countercultureconspicuously and deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.Be able recognize an example of the following: 1. Cultural Diffusion 2. Subcultures and countercultures 3. Material and nonmaterial traits of culture 4. 4 types of norms 5. The development of one's self concept (Cooley)3. Material Traits: physical objects, concrete, clothes Nonmaterial Traits: intangible, abstract, languageBe able to provide an example of the following: 1. Rite of passage 2. Formal norm and informal norm 3. Total institution 4. Agents of socialization1. marriage, baptism, quinceanera, driver's license, drinking age, cucimsision , first hunting skill 2. Formal Norm (salary bonus/demotion) Informal Norm (smile/frown) 3. prisons, the military, mental hospitals 4. familySocial Structurethe way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.Social Interactionthe ways people respond to on another.Statusa recognized social position that an individual occupies.Social Roleset of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status.Reference Groupany group that individuals use for evaluating their own behavior.Social Networka series of social relationships that links a person directly to others, and through them, indirectly to still more people.Social Institutionorganized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs.Bureaucracycomponent of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchy ranking to achieve.According to Durkheim, what is the relationship between social structure and the division of labor?the manner in which tasks are performed (social structure depends on the division of labor)According to sociocultural evolution, what is critical on the way society is organized?technologyWhat did the Stanford Prison Experiment tell us about social roles?certain people are expected to enforce and protect, and others who are expected to obey orders.Be able to recognize an example of the following: 1. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 2. Preindustrial, Industrial, Postindustrial, Postmodern societies 3. Master Status 4. Formal Organization1. community (similar backgrounds and life experiences) (strangers and feel little in common with other community residents) 2. 1. Preindustrial -hunting and gathering, horticulture, agrarian 2. Industrial - Exchange of goods 3. Postindustrial - Economic system, exchange of information - Rely on services and information, and controlling information 4. Postmodern - High technology, mass consumption of consumer goods 3. Master status: dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society 4. Formal organization: a group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency.Be able to provide an example of the following: 1. Ascribed status and achieved status 2. Primary and secondary group1. race background, gender, age/ teacher; doctor 2. family, close friends/Classmates, coworkers