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Comparative Anatomy: Amphibians

Terms in this set (27)

Tiktalik
half fish half crocodile - moved to land because there was more space and more food sources.
amphibian/ metamorphosis
means "double life" big change from larvae to adulthood. gills/fins -> lungs/legs/ heart
ectothermic
it changes with the temp of its surroundings
estivate
inactivity in the summer
glycerols
frogs and salamanders can partially freeze by replacing water in the body with this
3 chambered heart
RA - V - lungs - LA - V - body (double loop)
Cutaneous respiration
thin moist skin for breathing - more important than lungs, 80% of CO2 is discharged from skin
Buccal respiration
1. throat moves down drawing in air to the mouth
2. nostrils close and throat moves up forcing air into lungs
3. throat moves down drawing air out of lungs
4. nostrils open and throat goes up forcing air out
oviparous
female releases eggs and the males puts sperm on them
indicator species
a species that shows how the environment is (pollution, drought)
Tympanic membrane
picks up sound (not in salamanders)
pyloric sphincter
between the stomach and the duodneum
ileum
coiled middle portion of the small intestine
mesentery
holds small intestine in place
cloaca
collects waste either egg or sperm
vent
where materials exit the body
frog reproduction
oviparous - rely on water for breeding and eggs sit in jelly mass for diffusion of nutrients and protection. tadpoles develop faster in warmer water
nupital pads
raised callous of epidermis on the digits of a male frog to keep a firm grasp
frog eyes
help the frog eat by extending into the mouth and crushing food into the throat. non-movable upper and movable lower.
frog urinary system
nitrogenous waste collects as ammonia, ammonia is toxic and is converted to urea
toads vs. frogs
toads are frogs but frogs aren't toads. Frogs are aquatic while toads are terrestrial. frogs have more webbing and more powerful legs.
granular glands
underneath the skin enable frogs and toads to excrete toxic chemicals.
frog calls
sound is passed over vocal cords then into a pair of vocal sacs lying under the throat (resonator). Calls are for mating
salamander tails
are used to waft secretions to females for mating, can regenerate
salamander tongue
similar to frogs it is attached to the front of the mouth. They have an adhesive secreting gland on the roof of the mouth to replenish the sticky stuff
caecilions
150 species (indicator), rarely seen and found in the tropics. not much is known.
caecilions
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