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ItoL 2nd Test

Terms in this set (76)

phonology
the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language
phoneme
each meaning-distinguishing sound in a language
natural class
a set of sounds with phonetic features in common, like /p/, /t/, & /k/ in English
phone
a physically produced speech sound, representing one version of a phoneme
allophone
one of a closely related set of speech sounds or phones
minimal pair
two or more words that are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme in the same position in each word
nucleus
the vowel in a syllable
coda
consonant or consonant cluster that comes after the nucleus
onset
consonant or consonant cluster that comes before the nucleus
open syllable
syllable that ends with a vowel
closed syllable
syllable that ends with a consonant (coda)
coarticulation
the process of making one sound virtually at the same time as the next sound
assimilation
the process whereby a feature of one sound becomes part of another during speech production
nasalization
pronunciation of a sound with air flowing through the nose, typically before a nasal consonant
elision
the process of leaving out a sound segment in the pronunciation of a word
insertion
the process of adding a sound segment in the pronunciation in the word
metathesis
a sound change involving the reversal in position of two sounds
borrowing
the process of taking words from other languages
calque
each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language
compounding
the process of combining two or more words to form a new word (the words can stand alone)
blending
the process of combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word (can't split it)
clipping
the process of reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form
hypocorism
a word-formation process in which a longer word is reduced to a shorter form with -y or -ie at the end
backformation
the process of reducing a word (usually a noun) to a shorter version and using it as a new word (usually a verb)
conversion
the process of changing the function of a word (usually a noun) to a verb, as a way of forming new words (no reduction)
coinage
the invention of new words ex. xerox
eponym
a word derived from the name of a person or place
acronym
a new word formed from the initial letters of other words
initialism
...
derivation
the process of forming new words by adding affixes
morphology
the analysis of th the structure of words
morpheme
a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand by itself as a single word
bound morpheme
a morpheme such as un- or -ed that cannot stand alone and must be attached to another form
lexical morpheme
a free morpheme that is a content word such as a noun or verb
functional morpheme
a free morpheme that is used as a function word, such as a conjunction (and) or a preposition (in)
derivational morpheme
a bound morpheme such as -Ish used to make new words or words of a different grammatical category
inflectional morpheme
a bound morpheme used to indicate the grammatical function of a word
phonology
the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language
phoneme
each meaning-distinguishing sound in a language
natural class
a set of sounds with phonetic features in common, like /p/, /t/, & /k/ in English
phone
a physically produced speech sound, representing one version of a phoneme
allophone
one of a closely related set of speech sounds or phones
minimal pair
two or more words that are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme in the same position in each word
nucleus
the vowel in a syllable
coda
consonant or consonant cluster that comes after the nucleus
onset
consonant or consonant cluster that comes before the nucleus
open syllable
syllable that ends with a vowel
closed syllable
syllable that ends with a consonant (coda)
coarticulation
the process of making one sound virtually at the same time as the next sound
assimilation
the process whereby a feature of one sound becomes part of another during speech production
nasalization
pronunciation of a sound with air flowing through the nose, typically before a nasal consonant
elision
the process of leaving out a sound segment in the pronunciation of a word
insertion
the process of adding a sound segment in the pronunciation in the word
metathesis
a sound change involving the reversal in position of two sounds
borrowing
the process of taking words from other languages
calque
each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language
compounding
the process of combining two or more words to form a new word (the words can stand alone)
blending
the process of combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word (can't split it)
clipping
the process of reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form
hypocorism
a word-formation process in which a longer word is reduced to a shorter form with -y or -ie at the end
backformation
the process of reducing a word (usually a noun) to a shorter version and using it as a new word (usually a verb)
conversion
the process of changing the function of a word (usually a noun) to a verb, as a way of forming new words (no reduction)
coinage
the invention of new words ex. xerox
eponym
a word derived from the name of a person or place
acronym
a new word formed from the initial letters of other words
initialism
...
derivation
the process of forming new words by adding affixes
morphology
the analysis of th the structure of words
morpheme
a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand by itself as a single word
bound morpheme
a morpheme such as un- or -ed that cannot stand alone and must be attached to another form
lexical morpheme
a free morpheme that is a content word such as a noun or verb
functional morpheme
a free morpheme that is used as a function word, such as a conjunction (and) or a preposition (in)
derivational morpheme
a bound morpheme such as -Ish used to make new words or words of a different grammatical category
inflectional morpheme
a bound morpheme used to indicate the grammatical function of a word
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