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APHuG: Unit 2

Terms in this set (63)

57 Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
58 Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
59 Census
A complete enumeration of a population.
60 Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.
61 Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.
62 Demographic Transition Model
Depicts the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population.
63 Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
64 Dependency Ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.
65 Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
66 Ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
67 Epidemiologic transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
68 Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.
69 Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
70 Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1000 live births in a society.
71 Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
72 Maladaptation
An adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful.
73 Medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer counties in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
74 Natural increase rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
75 Overpopulation
A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
76 Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
77 Physiological density
The number of people per unity of area of arable land
78 Population pyramid
A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex.
79 Restrictive population policies
Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
80 Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population.
81 Stationary population level
The level at which a national population ceases to grow.
82 Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
83 Zero population growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
84 Activity Space
The local areas within which people move or travel during the course of their daily activities.
85 Asylum seeker
Someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee.
86 Brain drain
Large-scale emigration by talented people.
87 Carrying capacity
The maximum population numbers that an area can support on a continuing basis without experiencing unacceptable deterioration; for humans, the numbers supportable by an area's known and used resources- usually agricultural ones.
88 Chain migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
89 Channelized migration
The tendency of migration to flow between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, by economic and trade connections, or some other affinity.
90 Circulation
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.
91 Counterurbanization
Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
92 Crude density
The number or people per unit area of land.
93 Emigration
Migration from a location.
94 Floodplain
The area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends.
95 Forced Migration
Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors.
96 Gravity Model
A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
97 Guest worker
A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job.
98 Human capital theory of migration
Educated workers from poor countries go to wealthy countries for high paying jobs. Benefits the new (wealthy; gets talent) and old country (poor; gains money sent over and higher wages at home)
99 Immigration
Migration to a new location.
100 Internal Migration
Permanent movement within a particular country.
101 Internally displaced person (IDP)
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border.
102 International migration
Permanent movement from one country to another.
103 Interregional migration
Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.
104 Intervening obstacle
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.
105 Intervening opportunity
The likelihood of migration is mostly affected by opportunities to settle at the destination, less by distance or population pressure at the starting point.
106 Intraregional migration
Permanent movement within one region of a country.
107 Migration
A form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location.
108 Migration transition
A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.
109 Mobility
All types of movement between location.
110 Net migration
The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.
111 Place utility
The desirability and usefulness of a place to an individual or group- such as a family.
112 Pull factor
A factor that induces people to move to a new location.
113 Push Factor
A factor that induces people to leave old residences.
114 Quotas
IN reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.
115 Refugees
People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion.
116 Step migration
A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person's place of origin to final destination.
117 Unauthorized immigrants
People who enter a country without proper documents to do so.
118 Voluntary migration
Permanent movement undertaken by choice.
119 Xenophobia
Intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.
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