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Global Studies

Terms in this set (121)

What is the ultimate benefit of integrated markets
secure peaceful international relations and technological innovation for the benefit of all
10 concrete neoliberal measures
1.privatization of public enterprises
2. Deregulation of the economy
3. liberalization of trade and industry
4. Massive tax cuts
5. Monetarist measure to keep inflation in check, even at the risk of increasing unemployment
6. Strict control on organized labor
7. The reduction of public expenditures, particularly social spending
8. The down sizing of government
9. The expansion of international market
10. The removal of controls on global financial flows
Did free trade really help poverty?
Even though the poverty fell in every developing region, a number of studies suggest that the gap between rich and poor is actually widening
the internationalization of trade has gone hand in hand with what
liberalization of financial transactions
What are the key components of liberalization of financial transactions
the deregulation of interest rates, the removal of credit controls, the privatization of government owned banks and financial institutions, and the explosive growth of investments banking.
Most of the financial growth comes from what
High risk hedge funds an other purely money dealing currency. in other words, investors are betting on commodities or currency that does not yet exist
What produced the GFC
the increasing volatility of finanical flows combined with two decades of neoliberal deregulation.
When was the GFC
2008
What there successive presidents pushed for signifigant deregulation of the domestic financial services industry
reagan, bush, clinton
1999 repeal of what happened
Glass-Steagall Act
What was the Glass-Steagall Act
Signed by Roosevelt in 1933. Prohibit commercial banks from engaging in investment activities on wall street
what is collateralized debt obligations
hid the problematic loans by bundling them together with low risk assets and reselling them to unsuspecting investors
Why did the individual and institutional investors continues to buy high risk, (three reasons)
1. esoteric forms of securities often concealed the degree of risk involved and investors failed to grasp the complexity of these new investment funds
2. investors relied on the excellent reputation of such financial giants as Bank of America or Citicorp.
3. They trusted the positive credit ratings reports issued by Standard and poors, facing to see how these firms were themselves implicating in the expanding speculative bubble
Of the comparison of GDP how many are TNC and how many are countries?
TNC: 44 countries: 56
How many TNCs are there and how much of the total wealth do they have
147, 40%
go over the 10 points on pg. 57
...
what is the engine of finlands economy
nokia
What is political globalization
intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe
Out of the disagreements of political globalization 3 fundamental questions rose. What are they
1. Is it really true that the power of the nation-state has been curtailed by massive flows of capitol, people, and technology across territorial boundaries
2. are the primary causes of these flows to be found in politics or economics
3. are we witnessing the emergence of new global governance structures
When can the origin of the modern nation-state system can be traced back to
17th century political developments in europe
When was the peace of westphalia
1648
David Helds Westphalian model on pg 62
...
The centuries following the peace of westphalia saw what
1. the further centralization of political power
2. the expansion of state administration
3. the development of professional diplomacy
4. the successful monopolization of the means of coercion in the hands of the state
When did the modern nation-state find its mature expresssion
at the end of WWI in Us president Wilsons famous Fourteen Points
What is the fourteen points based on
Self Determination
When did the United Nations founded
1945
When and Who pronounced the Westphalian model dead
George H W Bush and in 1990 at the onset of the Gulf War
What are hyperglobalizers
try to convince the public that globalization inevitably involves the decline of bounded territory as a meaningful concept for understanding politial and social change.
Where to hyperglobalizers suggest the political power is located
in the global social formations
Where to hyperglobalizers suggest the political power is expressed
through global networks rather than territorially based states
Who argues that nation-states have already lost their dominant role in the economy
Hyperglobalizers
What do hyperglobalizers insist that the political order of the future bey determined by
regional economies linked together in an almost seamless global web of production and exchange
Who believes that territory still matters
Global sceptics
What to global skeptics insist that politcal order of the future be determined by
the continued relevance of conventional political unit, operating either in the form of modern nation-state or global cities
What has significantly constrained the set of political options open to states, particularly in the global south
trade liberalization, and deregulation
What has the nation-state gained control of
education, infrastructure, and population movement
What has become a central issue in most advanced nations
immigration
Who predicts a borderless world
hyperglobalizers
In the second decade of the 21st century the world finds itself in a transitional phase between what
modern nation-state system and post modern forms of global governance
Where is political globalization is most visible through what
the rise of supra territorial institutions and associations held together by common norms and interest
What growth is prominent on the municipal and provincial level
in the number of policy initiatives and transferred links between sub-state authorities
What is an example of municipal and provincial level
international cooperation is the rise of powerful city networks like the World Association of Major Metropolises that develop cooperative ventures to deal with common local issues across national borders
What growth is prominent on the regional level
there has been and extraordinary proliferation of multilateral organizatons and agreements.
What is the global level growth
governments have formed international organizations. Full legal membership of these organizations is open to states only, an the decision making authority lies with representatives from national governments
What is global civil society
voluntary, non governmental associations of worldwide reach.
David Held said a cosmopoliton democracy would have these 4 political features..
1. A global parliament connected to regions, states, and localities
2. A new charter of rights and duties locked into different domains of political, social, and economic power
3. The formal separation of political and economic interests
4. An interconnected global legal system with mechanisms of enforcement from the local to the global
The intergovernmental and regional associations are linked to what two things
1. international NGO's and government
What is cultural globalization
intensification and expansion of cultural flows across the globe
Culture is often used to describe what
the whole human experience
We associate the adjective economic with what
the production, exchange, and consumption of commoditites
We associate the adjective political with what
we mean practices related to the generation and distribution of power in societies
We associate the adjective cultural with what
concerned with the symbolic construction, articulation, and dissemination of meaning
Three important themes of cultural globalization
1.the tension between sameness and difference in the emerging global culture
2.the crucial role of transnational media corporations in disseminating popular culture
3. globalization of language
Pessimistic hyperglobalizers suggest what about culture
we are not moving toward a cultural rainbow that reflects diversity, rather a increasingly homogenized popular culture
Does the spread of American culture seem stoppable
no
What is McDonaldization
discribe the wide ranging sociocultural processes by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world
In the long run what does McDonaldization do
imposition of uniform standards that eclipse human creativity and dehumanize social relations
What is ethos of infantilization
turning adults into children through dumbed down advertising and consumer goods, and targeting children as consumers
How do optimistic hyperglobalizers feel about cultural globalizaton
they agree with pessimistic hyperglobalizers but they believe the sameness is a good thing
Processes of hybridization are most prominent through what
fashion, music, dance, film, food, and language
what is the contemporary experience of living and acting across culture borders
both the loss of traditional meanings and the creation of new symbolic expressions
the rise of global imaginary is inextricably connected to the rise of what
global media
what happened to the crucial cultural innovators of earlier decades
they have become virtually extinct as they found themselves incapable of competing with the media giants
what have news broadcasts and educational programs become
entertainment shows, reality tv
What is one method of measuring and evaluating cultural changes brought about by globalization
to study the shifting global patterns of language use
The globalization of language can be viewed as what
a process by which some languages are increasingly used in international communication while others lose their prominence and even disappear for lack of speakers
What are the five key variables that influence the globalization of language
1. Number of languages
2.Movement of people
3.foreign language learning and tourism
4. Internet language
5.international scientific publications
Today, how much of the content posted on the internet is in English
80%
Given the current rate of decline, some researchers predict that how much of the current existing languages will have disappeared by the end of the 21st centure
50-90%
What hs endangered the ecological health of our planet
the spread of consumerist values and materialists lifestyles
What do Taoist, Buddhists and various animist religions tend to emphasize
interdependence of all living beings. a perspective that calls for a delicate balance between human wants and ecological needs
Judeo-Christian humanism contains what
deeply dualistic values that put humans in control of nature
What is the anthropocentric paradigm
reflected in the dominant values and beliefs of consumerism
The capitalist culture industry tries to convince people that the meaning and value of life is found in what
material goods
Before what, envirnomental degradation was relatively localized and occurred slowly over many centuries
The industrial revolution
What are the two mjor concerns of environmental degradation
1.uncontrolled population growth
2.lavish consumption patterns in the global north
The US comprises only 6 percent of the worlds population but consume how much of our planets natural resources.
30-40%
What are some effects of overconsumption and population growth
food crisis, rising oil prices, diversion of food, unequal access to resources across developed and developing countries.
What highlights the interconnections between political, economic, and ecological problems that are accentuated by the process of globalization
the curren food crisis
Some experts fear that how much of all the plant and animal species will disappear by the end of this century
50%
What measures are taken to safeguard biodiversity
Gene Banks
What is transboundry pollution
the release of vast amounts of synthetic chemicals into the air and water
What is clearly one of the top three global problems facing humanity today
climate change
the rapid build up of gas emissions has greatly enhanced the Earths capacity to hold heat, resulting in what
Greenhouse effect.
What is responsible for raising average temperatures worldwide
greenhouse effect
climate change and global warming are merely environmental?
No, they are political, cultural, economic, and ethical issues and have been expanded and intensified by the process of globalization
Who are the two biggest pollutors
US and China
Explain both sides of the tax on carbon emissions
...
What was the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Summit goal and was it successful
No, its goal was establish a strong and binding global climate agreement by 2012
What are the five deep-seated and interlocking problems that have prevented the creation and ratification of an effective global environment
1.states have failed to integrate environmental and economic governance at the national level
2. States have failed to integrate on the international level
3. Powerful social forces continue to resist or co opt efforts to transform economies and societies in a more ecologically sustainable direction
4. The neoliberal economic discourse remains globally dominant, undermining sustainable development and ecological modernization discourses and practices
5. All of the above persists because national and international accountability mechanisms remain weak and inadequate in a globalizing world
Which phase of globalization has been the most environmentally destructive period of human history
Contemporary Period
what are ideologies
powerful systems of widely shared ideas and patterned beliefs that are accepted as truth by significant groups in society
What is globalization
a set of processes of intensifying global interdependence
What is globalisms
ideologies that endow the concept of globalization with particular values and meanings
What are the three types of globalism
1. Market
2. Justice
3.Religious
What is Market Globalism
seeks to endow globalization with free market norms and neoliberal meanings
What is Justice Globalism
Political Left, constructs and alternative vision of globalization based on egalitarian ideals of global solidarity and distributive justice
What is Religious globalism
struggle against both market and justice globalization as they seek to mobilize as religious community imagined in global terms in defence of religious values and beliefs that are thought to be under severe attack by forces of secularism and consumerism
What is alter globalization
subscribing to alternative visions of an integrated world that resist neoliberal projections of universal free market principles
what is economic nationalism
the view that the economy should be designed in ways that serve narrow national interests
What is the dominant ideology of our time
Market globalism
What is a strong discourse, and what has become this
one that is notoriously difficult to resist and repel because it has on its side powerful social forces that have already pre selected what counts and real, and market globalism
What are the five claims of market globalism
1.globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets
2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
3. Nobody is in charge of globalization
4. Globalization benefits everyone
5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world
What lies at the core of market globalism
globalization benefits everyone, because it provides an affirmative answer whether globalization is good or bad, according to market globalism
What is justice globalism
refers to the political ideas and values associated with the social alliances and political actors increasingly known as the social justice movement
What is the justice globalism slogan
another world is possible
how is justice globalism represented in the global south
democratic popular movements of resistance against neoliberal policies
What serves as the key ideological site of justice globalism
WSF
What are the five principal claims from justice globalism
1.Neoliberalism produces global crisis
2. market driven globalization has increased worldwide disparities in wealth and well being
3. Democratic participation is essential in solving global problems
4. another world is possible and urgently needed
5. people power, not corporate power
What is hailed by market globalists as the true hallmark of globalization
Battle of Seattle
The nine policy demands on pg. 124
...
What is a key point to religious globalist
that these groups desire for their version of global religious community to be all encompassing to be given primacy and superiortiy over state based and secular political structures
what doe s jihadist islamism feed on
common perception in the muslim world that western modes of modernization have not only failed to put an end to widespread poverty but they have also enhanced political instability and strengthened secular tendencies
what is todays most spectacular manifestation of religious globalism
jihadist islamism
what is umma and jihad
armed or unarmed struggle against unbelief purely for the sake of god and his umma
what is umma
as a single community of believers united in their belief in the one and only God
what is al Qaedas core ideological claim
to rebuild a unified global umma through global jihad against global unbelief
What did Obama fail to do
lose down the infamous military prison at the guantanamo bay naval base that still houses nearly 200 alleged unlawful combatants in violation of international law
he also continued the war of the wiling in afganistan with made clear that his adminsitration was no longer engaged in global war agains terrorism but what
al qaeda and terrorist affliations
what is group 20
rather effective deliberative body with the ability to design and coordinate action on a global scale suggests that perhaps the solution to our global problems is not less but more globalization
what period of globalization is openly imperialistic in character
early period
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