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history 1301 exam 2 streater

Terms in this set (43)

articles of confederation
-1st government created
-July 1776
- to protect peoples rights, state sovereignty
-restrict federal power
-unicameral congress
-power over foreign affairs, military, Indian affairs, interstate disputes
-can NOT tax, can NOT make laws to regulate trade
- rely on state contribution $$$$
problems facing AoC gov
DIPLOMATIC:
-Spain- use of Mississippi river
fear of KY and TN secession
-Great Britain- still in the great lakes but US slow on debt repayment and loyalist compensation
no us ambassador in GB so John Adams is sent
DOMESTIC:
-sectionalism: north merchants v. south agriculture, W agriculture v. E merchants
-soldiers not paid, promised pensions
ECONOMIC:
- no uniform currency, state to state trade reg.
-debt= 54 mill$ and rows 3 mill a year
-prices are depressed
-congress can not do anything effective
1785 land ordinance
- purpose was to organize and bring people into new states
-money generated used to pay off debt
-1$ per acre
land spectators/ developers
- 16th sections saved for school and 4 for government
- if gold or silver found gov. gets 1/3 of it
northwest ordinace
1787
-3-5 territories, gov. section, 3 judges< picked by congress
-was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States (the Confederation Congress)
-formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio,
-males elect assembly
-no slavery
-power in the state
-ineffective to solve problems
shay's rebellion
-Mass. 1786-1787
-economy weak, farmers loosing money due to debt
-legislature with rigid financial policy and tax laws
-farmers join Daniel Shay to close court, credit offices, march arsenal
-this was to demonstrate break down of law/ order, tyranny of mob, gov. scared to respond or regulate
state constitutions
-reflects peoples concern with rights of people, people's sovereignty
-government a servant of the people and they can change it if it fails
-office rotation, frequent elections, due process, no standing army
-free press, free religion
- executive power: keeps branches sparate and lots of power in legsilatures
constitutional convention- ideology
-state v. federal, secret convention
- guarantee republican form of government
-large republican better b/c diversity and prevents tyranny
-power to the people
-avoid class stratification
-people elect officials with independent civil minded people
- create gov. to check the protections and power of peoples freedom
virginia plan
(James Madison)
-bicameral legislature
- rep. by population
-house elected by popular vote & senate by house
- executive & judiciary branch elected by congress
- congress allowed to veto state law (power in state)
LARGE STATES
-confed. had power over states, just not enough states were never sovereign
-rep. by people not state
new jersey plan
(William Paterson)
-unicameral legislature
-equal rep. elected by state legislature
-plural executive- named by congress
-supreme court- named by executive
-power to tax and regulate trade
SMALL STATE
-give up equal voice to powerful central government
- confed. has states united as if under a treaty, all still free and sovereign
great compromise
- led by Franklin with 1 delegate from each state
-Upper house (senate): equal rep., elected by the state legislatures
- lower house ( house of rep): proportional rep. elected by people
president, 1 person
- electoral college , large states get porp., strength in # of delegates.
- state leg. get rights to elect delegates
-slavery, conscious choice not to mention issue
3/5 conpromise
- 60% of slave pop. will count toward determining # of rep. in house
-south gets extra house rep & electoral college vote
slavery & constitution
-1808 stop slave trade
- trade regulation
- runaways need to be returned
anti-federalists-ratification
-oppose ratification but less organized
-Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Edmund Randolph
-favor decentralized system with more state authority
-protects wealthy
-lack of religious qulifications
federalist- ratification
-favor ratification organized
-James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay
-federalist paper
bill of rights
- James Madison
- defines people's rights and government limits
- first ten amendments to constitution
10th: right not expressly given to the federal government reserved to the states
Washington administration
1789-1797
- recognized precedents
- favors strong government, discourages political parties
-cabinet of advisers: Hamilton(treas) & Jefferson(state)
1st report on public credit
HAMILTON'S ECONOMIC PLAN (1790-1791)
- fund federal debt (54 mill)
- retire old debt by borrowing new cash at lower rates
-controversy & compromise
- sectionalism (n&s)
-capital moved to Washington DC
- gain state public and international confidence
-GOOD foreign credit.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/1790-hamilton-first-report-on-public-credit
2nd report on public credit
-house passes tax on liquor import
- excise tax on alcohol (luxury tax)
- whiskey rebellion (1794)
solidifies government authority and rule law
national bank
-uniform currency in paper bank notes
- issue loans to fund business
-plea for gov. to do business
-strict vs. loose interpretation
-1791 congress creates with 20 year charter
-fear it favors wealthy
- economic growth
jay's treaty
- french resolution and subsequent European war puts US in the middle (1795)
- with Great Britain
-john jay resolve frontier, ship reparations, neutrality, trade issue
-treaty includes, GB out of the west by 1796, some reparations payment, limited trade with W. indies
pinckey's treaty
1795
- with Spain
- Thomas pinckney resolve border, Indian, and Mississippi river issue
-treaty includes, Florida border solidified at 31st parallel, us gets free use of miss. river,US gets right of deposit at new Orleans, avoid Indians
Washington's farewell addess
-1796
-in newspaper encourages domestic unity
- avoid sectionalism, sections interdependent, not to compete
-discourage political parties and political squabbles
-avoid permanent foreign alliances
federalist- political party
-Hamilton, Adams,
- strong central govt
- govt involved in economy
-internal improvements
-pro-British
-anti-slavery
- loose construction
-urban supporters
-love order fear anarchy
republican's- political party
-Madison, Jefferson
- more power in states
- little gov. inference in economy
- agriculture as basis for economy
- pro french
- pro slavery
- rural supporters
-love liberty and fear of tyranny
ADAMS ADMINISTATION
- Jefferson VP
-calm
- suffers from federalist mistakes
xyz affair
- tension with France
- rebuild trust, pathway to Louisiana purchase
alien and sedition act
-naturalization acts- requires for citizenship extend from 5 to 14 years
-to put fear in foriegn opponent, curb republicans critism
VA & KY resolutions
who? written by Jefferson and Madison
what? republicans response to A&S acts
when?1779
where? Virginia and Kentucky
why?Alien and Sedition Acts obviously violate the First Amendment, but they also violated the Tenth Amendment, which to Jefferson was the foundation on which the entire Constitution was based. (The Tenth Amendment delegates all powers not specifically given to the federal government to the states and the people.)
revolution of 1800
- federalist party splits between Adams & Hamilton
- republican party supports Jefferson
-no violence no killing
-judiciary act of 1801
Jefferson goals & accomplishments
- revolutionary era principles
-reduce fed. debt
- close all but 3 foreign embassies
- reverse federalist legislation
-preserve international peace ( least successful)
Marbury v. madison
- rule law unconstitutional
Louisiana purchase
- greatest for Jefferson
-$ 15 million
- successful slave rebellion in haiti
Lewis & Clark expedition
-skepticism
-new animals, plans, people
-1804
-opens west settlement, claim to new territories, scientific discovery
embargo act
- US troops stop import/ export
- no ships to foreign ports
- fails: loopholes, trade too portable cant enforce
-only hurts us economy
non-intercourse act
- no trade with FR ad GB, will reopen trade with whoever lifts restrictions
- reopen with GB on note from ambassador, nit harassment continues
Macon's bill no. 2
- trade with all nations
-will trade with FR& GB if opens restrictions
but harassment continues
war of 1812 causes
- neutrality violated
-impressment
- western lands and Indian treat
-1811 battle of Tippecanoe creek
-national honor
ft. Henry
-Nepolean defeated 1814 GB forces on US
-blockade trade with new Orleans and miss. river
-1814 British marched and burned Washington DC
star spangled banner
- Francis Scott key
- seeing flag
- British lose and national anthem
battle of new orleans
- Jackson builds defense
- GB general Edwin packenham
-Jan. 8 1815
- victory grantees treaty ratificaiton
treaty of ghent
-ends all fighting
-return prisoners
-December 24 1814
Hartford convention
- death of federalist party
-Dec.15 1814
- regain fed. power
- no more 3/5 comp
- no embargo longer than 60 days
- no foreign born office holders
- federalist look bitter and disloyal
significance of war of 1812
-patriotism
- US military successes ( new Orleans great lakes)
-war heroes, new national symbols
- 2nd war of independence
- US is here to stay
-economic Independence
-better relations with GB
-strong central gov
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