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Chapters 16 and 17 Science Vocab

Terms in this set (27)

atom
smallest particle of an element that retains the element's properties
nucleus
charged center of the atom
proton
particles in the nucleus with an electric charge of 1+
neutron
particles in the nucleus with no charge
electron
particles with an electric charge of 1-
quark
smaller particles composed of protons and neutrons
electron cloud
area around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
atomic number
number of protons in an atom's nucleus
mass number
the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
isotope
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
average atomic mass
weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element
periodic table
elements arranged by increasing the atomic number and by physical and chemical properties
period
horizontal rows of elements numbered 1 through 7
group
vertical columns in the periodic table
electron dot program
uses the chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots to represent the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
metal
shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of electricity
malleable
hammered or rolled into sheets
ductile
drawn into wires
metallic bounding
positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons
radioactive element
nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy
transition element
elements in groups 3 through 12 in the periodic table
nonmetal
elements that are usually gases or solids at room temperature
diatomic molecule
consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond
metalloids
elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
allotrope
different molecular structures of the same element
semiconductor
elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions
transuranium element
more than 92 protons and the atomic number of uranium
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