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HHD: Ch. 6-7-8-9

Terms in this set (49)

physical health
how effective and efficient our body and its systems can function.
physical development
The changes that relate to people's size and shape and, therefore, body structure.
intellectual development
Also referred to as cognitive development, the ways in which people are able to think and reason.
mental health
State of wellbeing on which the individual realises their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to their community.
emotional development
refers to the feelings and moods in which people express, understand and exercise control over them.
social health
being able to cooperate and interact with others and participate within the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
social development
The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
conception (fertilization)
The moment when the male and female gametes (sperm and ovum) meet and combine genetic information
germinal stage
The first stage of prenatal development measured from the moment of conception until implantation (about 2 weeks post-conception)
embryonic stage
The second stage of prenatal development measured from implantation (about two weeks post conception) until the end of the eighth week after conception.
foetal stage
The third stage of prenatal development measured from the end of week 8 until birth.
placenta
A vital organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo and removes waste products; it is formed from a layer of the developing embryo and links it to the circulatory system of the mother until birth
zygote
The name given to the new cell following fertilisation
neonate
a newborn baby
adaptations
- Learning to breathe
- Circulation
- Digestion, removal of waste
- Temperature control
maternal morbidity
the ill-health experienced by women during their pregnancy or as a consequence of giving birth. this ranges from serious morbidity to minor complications. e.g. diabetes, hypertension during pregnancy.
incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.' (AIHW, 2008)
congenital anomalies
Structural or functional defects that occur during foetal development and are present at birth that are the result of environmental or genetic factors
proximodistal law of development
The pattern of development that occurs from the centre (or inside) of the body and extends to the body's extremities.
cephalocaudal law of development
The direction of development that occurs from the top (head) down to the bottom (toes) of the body.
socialisation
the process of acquiring values, attitudes and behaviours through interaction with others.
low birth weight
is considered low if less than 2500g, very low if under 1500g. this gives greater chance of poor levels of health, of disability, death, longer time of hospitalisation
asthma
A long-term respiratory condition that affects the small air passages of the lungs, resulting in difficulties in breathing.
foetal alcohol syndrome
When alcohol crosses through the mother's bloodstream into the baby's bloodstream. this can lead to a poorer level of health of the developing foetus, with greater risk of premature death, abnormal facial features, low birth weight, learning difficulties, behavioural problems, poor memory.
gestational diabetes
form of diabetes that is diagnosed during pregnancy, due to the body's impairment to metabolise blood glucose. this causes great risks to the baby including stillbirth, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes. risks to the mother include increased chance of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity.
hypertension
high blood pressure.
spina biffida
A condition that can result in severe birth defects, or congential anormalies called neural tube defects. This is caused by abnormal development of the brain and spinal cord in early pregnancy.
perinatal mortality
refers to the deaths that occur among babies before their birth (stillbirths or foetal deaths)
morula
The name given to the group of 16-20 cells about 4 days after conception.
differentiation
During the germinal stage, the process in which cells take on individual functions
maternal mortality
Refers to the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of the termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy
infant mortality rates
Refers to the deaths of live-born children before 12 months of age. three-quarters of childhood deaths occurring in those aged under 1 year.
SIDS
Abbreviation for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. refers to the sudden and unexpected death of an infant less than 12 months old during their sleep from no known cause.
long term conditions
Conditions that can last for 6 months or more, including asthma, Hay fever and allergic rhinitis, allergies
leading cause of hospitalisation
The leading reason for hospitalisation was for chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids, followed by disorders relating to short gestation or low birth weight and asthma.
sedentary lifestyle
Lifestyle behaviour, whether in the workplace or home, that is distinctly sedentary or seated and that involves little movement or exercise.
white collar workers
A professional or an educated worker who earns a salary and performs semi-professional office, administrative and sales coordination tasks.
blue collar workers
An individual who is either skilled or unskilled, earns an hourly wage and performs manual labour, including those working in manufacturing, mining and construction trades, and mechanical or maintenance workers.
food allergies
an immune system response to a food protein that is identified by the body as being harmful. the body releases chemicals that trigger symptoms, such as from the person's breathing, gastrointestinal tract, skin, heart.
physical environment
The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. The physical environment includes water and air, workplaces, housing, roads, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards.
DALYs
A measure of the burden of disease: one DALY equals 1 year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
principals of development
1. Development requires change
2. Early development is essential for later development
3. The pattern of development is orderly and predictable
4. Development involves maturation and learning
5. Growth and development are continuous
6. Rates of development are unique
mortality
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.
morbidity
'Refers to ill-health in an individual and the levels of ill-health in a population or group.
social determinants
'aspects of society'
family:
- parent education and employment work/life balance
- socio-economic status
- parental health and disability
community:
- access to healthcare
- media
- neighbourhood safety
- social support
physical determinants
'surrounding of an individual'
- water access
- access to recreational facilities
- housing environment
- smoking in the home
biological determinants
'factors relating to the body'
- gender
- birth weight
- genetic inheritance
- body weight
behavioural determinants
'actions/ choices made by individuals'
- parental smoking
- breastfeeding
- vaccination
- maternal drug/alcohol use
- maternal nutrition
- sun protection
- eating habits
- oral hygiene
- physical activity
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