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Psy 3/4 SAC1 (key knowledge 1-5)

Terms in this set (43)

nervous system functions
receive, process and coordinate
nervous system divisions
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
CNS divisions
brain and spinal cord
PNS divisions
somatic and autonomic
autonomic divisions
sympathetic and parasympathetic
central nervous system
processes information received from internal and external environments and activates responses
3 main areas of the brain
hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain
peripheral nervous system
carries information to and from the cns
somatic nervous system
carries sensory information to the cns and motor information from the cns
sensory information
received at sensory receptor sits and is carried along sensory neural pathways by sensory neurons
motor information
carried along motor neural pathways by motor neurone to skeletal muscles causing movement
afferent information
sensory information coming into the cns
efferent information
motor information leaving the cns
autonomic nervous system
connects the cns to the body's internal organs and glands
sympathetic nervous system
increases the activity of muscles, organs and glands
parasympathetic nervous system
returns the body to its normal state
Conscious response
a reaction to a sensory stimulus that involves awareness
Unconscious response
a reaction to a sensory stimulus that does not involve awareness
spinal reflex
Unconscious, involuntary and automatically occurring response to certain stimuli without any involvement of the brain.
neuron
individual nerve cell that is specialised to receive, process and transmit
dendrites
detects and receives information from other neutrons and transmits it to the soma
Axon
transmits neural information away from the neuron to other neurons
Myelin
white, fatty substance covering and insulating an axon
axon terminal
end part of a axon terminal where terminal buttons that store and secrete neurotransmitters are located
3 types of neurons
sensory, motor, interneurons
sensory neuron
receive and carries sensory information and transmits to the cns
motor neuron
carries messages from the cns to cells in the skeletal muscles, organs and glands
interneurons
carries messages between the sensory and motor neurons within the cns
neurotransmitter
chemical substance manufactured by a neuron that carries a message to other neurons
excitatory effect
stimulates postsynaptic neutrons to perform their function
inhibitory effect
blocks postsynaptic neutrons from firing
glutamate
enhances information transmission by making postsynaptic neutrons more likely to fire
presynaptic neuron
the neuron from which neurotransmitter is secreted and sent to the postsynaptic neuron during neurotransmission
postsynaptic neuron
the neuron which receives neurotransmitter that is secreted from a presynaptic neuron during neurotransmission
Reuptake
A process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane.
Gama-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
maintain neurotransmission at an optimal level
Parkinson's disease
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors.
substantia nigra
control of voluntary muscle movements so they can be smooth and coordinated
dopamine
A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Damaged Substantia Nigra
amount of dopamine available for motor activity reduces as neurons gradually die
bradykinesia
slowness of voluntary movements
central nervous system
processes information received from internal and external environments and activates responses
central nervous system
processes information received from internal and external environments and activates responses
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