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Professional Issues Week 2 lecture

Terms in this set (86)

What are the six graduate attributes of the Australian Undergraduate Program?
1. Knowledge and understanding of psychology. 2. Research methods in psychology. 3. Critical Thinking Skills 4. Values in Psychology 5. Communication Skills 6. Application of psychology
What do you need to demonstrate in the graduate attribute of knowledge and understanding of psychology? Demonstrate an understanding of the M___ C__, t___ p___, e___ f__, and h___ t__ in the core topics of psychology
Demonstrate an understanding of the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and historical trends in the core topics of psychology.
What do you need to describe in the graduate attribute of research methods in psychology? Describe the science of psychology, apply and evaluate d___ r___ m__ used by psychologists, use s__ a__, design and conduct b___ s__ to address p___ q___
Describe the science of psychology, apply and evaluate different research methods used by psychologists, use statistical analysis, design and conduct basic studies to address psychological questions
What do you need to learn in the graduate attribute of research methods in psychology? Respect and use c___ and c___ t__, s__ i__, and the s___ approach to solve problems
Respect and use critical and creative thinking, skeptical inquiry, and the scientific approach to solve problems
What do you need to learn in the graduate attribute of values in psychology? Value e___ evidence, recognize and respect s__, c___,l__,s__, and gender diversity, evaluate psychologists' e__ b__ and recognize the limitations of one's p___ k___
Value empirical evidence, recognize and respect social, cultural, linguistic, spiritual and gender diversity, evaluate psychologists' ethical behavior, and recognize the limitations of one's psychological knowledge
What do you need to learn in the graduate attribute of communication skills? Communicate e___ in a v__ of f__ and c__
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats and contexts
What do you need to learn in the graduate attribute of the application of psychology? U___ and a___ psychological principles to p__, s_, and o___ issues
Understand and apply psychological principles to personal, social, and organisational issues.
A psychology degree is w___ regarded by most p___
A psychology degree is well regarded in most professions
A psychology degree is an excellent step to a range of other professions including: S__ W__, C___, N___, H__ R___, R___
Social Work, Counselling, Nursing, Human Resources, Research
Psychological registration is managed through: The A__ H__ P__ R__ A__
The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
AHPRA manages registration for a range of: H___ P__, including : D__, M___ P__, O___ T__, and N___
Australian Health Practiioners Regulation Agency manages registration for a range of Health Practiioners including: Dentists, Occupational Therapists, Nurses, and Medical Professionals
Practising Psychologists must have: X hours of p___ s___ per y__, X hours of p___ d___ per y__, and I___
Practising psychologists must have: 10 hours of peer supervision per year, 20 hours of proffessional development per year, and insurance
How long is fourth year study?
1 year
How longis a proffessional masters?
2 years
How long is a combined Mpsych/PHD?
3 years
How long is a professional doctorate?
3 years
How long is a PsyBA registar program post Mpsych? and what hours are required
2 years supervised practice, 80 hours supervision plus 80 hours professional deveopment
How long is PsyBA registar program post Mpsych/PHD
1.5 years supervised practice 60 hours supervision, plus 60 hours PD
How long is PsyBA registar program post Dpsyuch
1 year supervised practice, 40 hours of supervision and PD
Are there more males or females psychologists altogether
Female
What does the three year UG psychology degree focus on? S__; t___ and m__
Science; theory and m ethod
What does the fourth year psychology degree focus on? R__ t__, emphasis on the r___ p___, w__ and assssed as a t__
Research training, emphasis on the research project, written and assessed as a thesis.
Fourth year involves some p___ s___
Some practical skills
There is no c___ c__ until M__
No client contact until Masters
There is some i___ s__ training in undergracuate
Interpersonal skills training
In undergraduate/foruth year there is an empahsis on the p___ of a___ s__ rather the the education of p___
An emphasis on the production of academic scientists rather then education of practioners
In the 4 + 2 model, the cost of e___ is h__
Cost of education of high
In the 4 + 2 model, post p___ r___, a minimum of t___ y__ full time equiavelent s___ t__
Post provisional registration, a minimum of two years full time equivalent supervised training
In the 4+2 model, you need to be able to f__ a s___ able to provide the b___ s-__ required for full registration
In the 4+2 model, you need to be able to find a supervisors able to provide the broad supervision required for full registration
In the 4+2 model, it is recognised that the f__ y__ g__ has no t__ s__ and must bcome very rapidly e__ with them in order to survive
The fourth year graduate has no trained skiills and must become very rapidly equiped with them in order to survive
Desire of the APS to p__ o__ the 4 + 2 model, this is supported by the P___ B___ of A__
Phase out the 4 + 2 model, this is supported by the Psychology Board of Australia
Last date to begin a 4 + 2 internship program will be__
30th June 2022
In the 4+2 model, competency must be demonstrated in the following areas: K___ of the d__, E__ L___ and P___ matters, Psychological a__ and m__, I___ s__, R__ and E__, C__ and I___ relationships, Working with people from d__ groups, Practice across the l___
Knowledge of the discipline, Ethical, Legal, and professional matters, Psychological assessment and measurement, Intervention strategies, Research and evaluation, Communication and interpersonal relationships, working with people from diverse groups, practice across the lifespan
In the 4+2 model, you need to complete the N__ P__ E___
National Psychology Examination
The 4+2 model must be completed in X years
3 years
What is the first phase of the EuroPsy model?
3 years of high psychology content
What is the second phase of the Europsy model?
2 years including 3 months internship
What is the third phase of the Europsy model?
1 year of workplace placement
What are the 9 areas of endorsement?
Clinical neuropsychology, Clinical psychology, community psychology, counselling psychology, health psychology,forensic psychology, education and dedvelopmental psychology, organisational psychology, sports and excercise psychology
What does health psychology aim to do? It aims to p___ positive h__ b___. It aims to r___ r__ f__ associated with c___ c__ such as : Obsesity, heart disease, diabites, stroke, cancer and injuries.
It aims to promote positive health behaviours. It aims to reduce risk factors associated with chronic conditiosn such as Obsesity, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cancer and injuries.
Health Psychology often aims to d___ i__ to i__ w__
Health psychology often aims to develop interventions to increase wellbeing
Community psychology aims to l__- at how i___ relate to their c___ and the impact that c___ have on them
Community psychology aims to look at how individuals relate to their communities and the impact that communities have on them
Community psychology may also l___ at s___ j__ and c___ at R__
Community psychology may also look at social justice and communities at risk
Counselling psychology aims to provide t___ a-_ that are t___ to meet the s___ n__ and c___ of each client
Counselling psychology aims to provide thereuptic approaches that are tailored to meet the specific needs and circumstances of each client
Counselling psychology can include areas such as g__ and l__, significant l___ transitions, d___ i__, r___ difficulties, d___ v___, s___ a___/A___, t__ and maintaining h__ l___
Counselling psychology can also include areas such as grief and lloss, significant life transitions, relationship difficulties, developmental issues, domestic violence, sexual abuse/assault, trama, and maintaining healthy lifestyles
What idea does the dodo verdict posit?
The idea that all therapies are equally effective
How does the dodo verdict explain it's idea? It is because all t___ share c___ f___: These are the t___ a___, e___, and c___ r___ and s___ g___
It is because all therapies share common factors. These common factors are the therapeutic alliance, empathy, close rapport and shared goals
Evidence for Dodo Verdict: Luborsky et al 2002 looked at X m___ a___ comparing t___ and found n__ s___ d___
Luborsky et al 2002 looked at 17 met analyses comparing treatments and found no significant differences
Further evidence for dodo verdict: Wampold et al 2002: in their m___ a__, found that C___ T___ was n___ more effective then O___ t__
Meta analyses, CT was not more effective then other therapies
Evidence agasinst the DODO verdict: In addition to the list of emprically supported treatmentse there are n___ other studies that have shown that C___ is more effecitve, particualry for treating a___
CBT, anxiety, numerous
What is the list of empirically supported treatments
A list that's been developed for different psychological problems, and looking at which treatemnts have been shown based on reserach to be the most effective. The problem with this list is that there is problems with how this research is conducted
What are the three non-specific: Common factors between therapies? 1. The T___ A__ ( The r___ between the T__ and the c__ and the development of t__ and u___ and h___), 2. the e___ and e___ of the t__, 3. Exploration of the b___ s___ and giving p___ a__ for them
The Thereputic Alliance (The relationship between the therapist and the client and the development of trust, understanding and hope), 2. The empathy and experience and the therapist, 3. Exporation of the belief schemas and giving plausable accounts for them
Elaborate on the threapeutic alliance: It involves the d___ of an a__ bond and c____ relationship in t___
Development of an attachment bond and collaborative relationship in therapy
The theraputic alliacne is a bond that involves t__, c___, p___ r__, agreement on g__, and mutually accepted r___
The threuptic alliance is a bond that involves trust, confidence, positive regard, agreement on goals, and mutually accepted responsibilties
Non-specific components of psychoptherapy include: The therapist as k___, thereapists interact with patients in d____ w___, therapists interact in different ways with d___ p___, therapists implement the s___ theraputic intervention in different ways
key, different ways, different patients, same
What do observational studies of the interaction between therapists and clients show? It is often d___ to know, from the observation of the therapist's s___ of i___, exactly what is the p___ f___ of t____, that is being c___
It is often difficult to know, from the observation of the therapists's style of interaction, exactly waht is the particular form of therapy, that is being conducted
According to Schedler, 2010, much of the practice of p___, including the l___ and c___ based t___, is baesd on p____ therapy. Need to re-evaluate the benefit of p____ therapies
Much of the practice of psychotherapy, including the leraning and cognitive based therapies, is based on psychodynamic therapy. Need to revaluate the benefit of psychodynamic therapy.
In terms of the Therapist Expertise: Some argue that professional training has l___ i___ on the e___ of t___ (Review by Christensen and Jacobson 1994)
Little impact on the efficacy of therapy
Smith and Glass showed that the effect size of relationship between years of therapist experience and outcome, r =
.00
Durlak 1979 fond ___ evidence that professional training was more effective then for therapy delivered by n___ p___ or p___-P___
No evidence that professional training was more effective then for therapy delivered by non-professionals or para-professionals
Trainees have client outcomes similiar to l___ professionals and also the case with u___ U___ P___ according to Tracey et al 2014
Trainees have client outcomes similar to licensed professionals and also the case with untrained university professors.
Burns & Nolen 1992 found that e_nnhanced e__ of e___ t__ over n__ in CBT treatment of depression
Burns & Nolen-Hoeksema (1992) found enhanced effect of experienced therapists over novice in CBT treatment of depression.
Therapist characteristics associated with positive alliance is: f___, h__, being r___, t___, w__, interested and open
flexibility, honesty, being respectful, trustworthy, warm, interested and open
Negative therapist characterstics are: r___, u___, being c____, d___, t__, inapproparite s___-D__, inappropriate use of s___
Rigidity, uncertainty, being critical, distant, tense, inappropriatre self-disclosure, inappropraite use of silence
There is a bias against d___ based therpaies
Dynamic
There is a resitrction in the sicence base and methadological base for the evaluation of the e__ of therapies despite deacades or research and thousands of studies
Efficacy of therapies
Psychologists in australia are current ___ to prescribe
Unable
Psychologists insome states in america are able to p__ some medications
Prescribe
Reasons for psychologist's ability to prescriben include: P____ p___ may benefit clients, psychologists may be in a g___ p___ to P___
Prescription privaledges may benefit clients, psychologists are in a good position to prescribe
Reasons psych's shouldn't prescribe include: It may n____ impact the i___ and d__ of the profession, and there are a number of r__ associated with prescription rights
negatively, image and direction, risks
What is developing in therapy?
Computer based psychological assessment • E therapies • Phone line counselling • Computer generated report writing • Solution based therapeutic intervention • Short therapies • On line supervision
The notion of Empirically Supported Therapies (EST) refers to the notion that: Some t___ are more e__ then others
Some therapies are more equal then others
EST is based upon: View from psychiatry and pharmaceutical companies that there was i____ e___ for the e___ of therapy. Psychology reacted by adopting a very p____ b__ m___ for establishing the e___ of treatements. It was a reaction to criticism on p___/e___ grounds
View from psychiatry and pharmaceutical companies that there was insufficient evidence for the efficacy of therapy -Psychology reacted by adopting a very pharmaceutical based model for establishing the efficacy of treatments -Reaction to criticism on political/economic grounds
Empirically Supported Therapies are based upon R___ C___ T___
Randomised Control Trials
RCT's involve
Comparison of treatment of choice against a control group to which clients are assigned at random • Evidence adduced to show that a therapy was supported or not
EST RCT research emphasised b__ (6/8 weeks) and focused i___ for specific d___ as defined in DSM V
Emphasis upon brief (6/8 weeks) and focussed interventions for specific disorders as defined by DSM V
There is support for EST in the treatment of: P____ D__, O___ C___ D___, and P___ T__ S__ D___, refer to the study by C___ and O___ 2001
Panic Disorder, Obessive Compulsive Disorder, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Chambles and Ollendick 2001
What is a problem with EST?: Tratment is based upon m___ of t__ that is not g___ to the population of counsellors and threapists that have evolved huge amount of e___ in the delivery of their therapy
Treatmenht is based upon manulisiation of treatment that is not generalisible to the population of counsellors and therapists that have evolved huge amounts of experience in the delivery of their therapies
Another problem of TEST is that the m___ of clients who present in the community have M___ s___; also known as c___-m___. And studies generally e___ p___ with c___ s___
Majority of clients who present in the community have comorbid symptoms, and studies generally exclude participants with comorbid symptoms
Two limitations of conducting research in psychology is: Demonstrating c___ and e___, and A__
Demonstrating Cause and Effect, and Attrition
Dealing with Attrition: D___ o___ is a major issue in Psychology
Drop Out
Dealing with Attrition: The reasons for d___ o__ is almost certainly not r___
The reasons for drop out are almost certainly not random
Dealing with Attrition: We cannot observe and measure everything to check the c____ of those who s___ and those who l__
Who cannot observe and measure everything to check the comparability ofthose who stay and those who leave
Dealing with Attrition: Do the m___ o___ bias the results that are observed?
Missing outcomes
Dealing with Attrition: Can we estimate what significant positive outcome/negative outcome would have been if t__ a__ had ___ o___?
Can we estimate what significant positive outcome/negative outcome would have been if the attrition had not occured?
Dealing with Attrition: Even if we cannot measure everything can we get some parametres within which the variance outcomes can be accounted for by the m___ variavles or are the results such that a___ ist he msot likely explanation?
Even if we cannot measure everything can we get some parameters within which the variance in outcomes can be accounted for by the manipulated variables or are the results such that attrition is the most likely explanation?
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