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Health and Human Development - Unit 1

Terms in this set (60)

health and wellbeing
the state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual fells happy, healthy, capable and engaged
relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily tasks or activities eg. functioning of bodily systems, regular physical activity, ideal body weight
physical health and wellbeing
social health and wellbeing
relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. eg. adapting to social situations, form relationships
relates to the current state of wellbeing relating to a person's mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. a mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic. eg. sense of confidence, make decisions, low stress and anxiety
mental health and wellbeing
emotional health and wellbeing
relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way. eg. positive management and expression of emotional activities and reactions, as well as displaying resilience.
relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings. includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value and reflection of your place in the world eg. having hope and peace, sense of purpose in life
spiritual health and wellbeing
life expectancy
the number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth.
when an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance, with any of the three core activities (self care, mobility and communication)
core activity limitation
incidence
refers to the number or rate of new cases of a disease/ condition in a population during a given period
number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
prevalence
morbidity
ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (expressed through incidence and prevalence)
number of deaths in a population in a given period
mortality
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual's level of functioning.
psychological distress
rates of hospitalisation
indication of levels of ill health that requires medical treatment. occurs as a result of requiring care for chronic conditions and emergency care.
individuals own overall perception of their health and wellbeing
self assessed health status
health status
an individual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth
nutrients
macronutrients
nutrient required by the body in large amounts (protein, fats, carbs)
nutrient required by the body in small amounts eg. minerals, vitamins
micronutrients
food selection models
these are a tool that can help youth to make more informed food choices to meet their nutritional needs.
federal government initiative that provides nutrition advice with aim of reducing short and long term consequences associated with nutritional imbalance. visual representation of proportion of five food groups.
australian guide to healthy eating (AGHE)
healthy eating pyramid
developed by nutrition australia. pyramid representing groups in four tiers. promotes youth health and wellbeing by encouraging food variety and diet based on minimally processed foods.
government endorsed system on food labels as educational tool to assist people in making healthy choices. more stars = healthier. compares kj and risk nutrients
health star rating system
nutritional imbalance
disproportion of essential nutrients
extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world
validity
food marketing
any type of action that a company takes to get you to buy their food
- immersive marketing (seamlessly integrating advertising into complex experience for consumer) and creates emotional relationship between consumer and particular brand. eg My Coke rewards
- celebrity endorsements
- collection of personal data (patterns of behaviour analysed, can be easily tracked)
- location based mobile marketing (through collection of mobile numbers marketers follow daily lives)
- product placement (subtly promotes products through appearances in television)
types of food marketing
food trends
companies tap into 'clean eating' by tailoring their products. young people follow trends of their favourite bloggers.
enablers and barriers include: social factors, cultural factors and political factors in healthy eating
health inequalities
federal government programs
australian department of health, national alcohol stretegy, good sports, stop cowards punch, headspace
vic health, safer p platers, doctors in schools, youth central
state government programs
non government programs
cancer council, youth beyond blue, drink wise
judgements about what is important and good for a community and behaviours or actions that can be anticipated. eg. achieve better educational outcomes, healthy lifestyle
community values and expectations
advocacy
taking action to influence others to address a health-related concern or to support a health-related belief
age (youth perspectives + priorities)
children - priority for parents of their kids (reduce sugar intake) and children value social time with friends and enjoying life.
young adults - physical health is priority and peer acceptance is a perspective
early adulthood - physical priorities and emotional health
middle adulthood - increase cv disease means focus on physical, and family develops as well as in later adulthood
men focus less on their perception of illness and want to build their health and fitness to do with body shape. for women, prioritise physical health and wellbeing as well as mental health and wellbeing.
gender (priorities and perspectives)
culture (perspectives and priorities)
western cultures use traditional medicines and drugs in ill health whereas other cultures turn to natural medicinal treatments to do with spirit (using herbs and food to recover the body)
lower ses will prioritise basic food and a roof over their head over physical health and wellbeing. higher ses people can afford nutritious food and mental + social health and wellbeing.
socioeconomic status (priorities and perspectives)
religion (perspectives and priorities)
buddhism value spirituality and use cures with herbs and are usually vegetarians. hinduism values karma and vegetarianism is often common. islam involves traditional medicines and other muslim practises. christianity have low dietary restrictions.
importance of culture and connection to land and community. this helps their sense of identify and purpose/meaning of life.
aboriginal and torres strait islander perspectives
peer group (sociocultural factor)
young people often turn to friends for advice and support instead of family members. it can have positive or negative influence (good activities increased for youth) but may also be influenced into negative activities (drug and alcohol use)
daily interactions help form good communication skills and close family relationships. there may be unsettling family situations that have a negative effect (drug, tobacco use and other impacts) on youth and increases chance of mental disorders.
family (sociocultural factor)
housing (sociocultural factor)
indoor air pollution, kitchen facilities, overcrowding, drinking water quality, housing safety, household location
those with higher levels of education report fewer physical health concerns and value mental health and wellbeing, therefore people with lower education take less value on this as they are uninformed.
education (sociocultural factor)
employment (sociocultural factor)
working conditions of a young person can have a positive or negative impact on health status. there are physical risk factors at workplaces but can also benefit or detriment to mental and social health.
income can affect the place a family lives, impacting their social health and other factors come into play. people with higher income are more inclined to have more resources to benefit their health dimensions and having a sense of belonging and community.
income (sociocultural factor)
access to health information
health education in school setting, but young people find other sources to address their health concerns. barriers to information include confidentiality, not treated respectfully, location of services and high cost/ bad transportation. using the internet is the most common way youth access health information.
main function is to provide fuel for the body, as a lot of energy is required for metabolism and growth, glucose is preferred energy source for the body. food sources include: rice, vegetables, pasta, bread
carbohydrates
fibre
type of carbohydrate that travels through digestive system. benefits include: feeling of fullness, reduces cholesterol levels, absorbs water and prevents constipation. food sources include: wholemeal bread, bran, grains and seeds
required for development and maintenance of cell membranes. classes of fats include: saturated, trans fats, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated. mono and poly are "the good fats" and reduce cholesterol levels food sources include: olive oil, nuts, fish, peanut butter. saturated and trans known as the bad fats and increase cholesterol levels contributing to CV diseases. food sources include: full cream milk, cheese, baked goods.
fats
water
forms the basis of blood, digestive juices, urine and contained in fat and bones and for hydration. food sources include: watermelon, apple, celery, lettuce
most important for youth development, main function is to build, maintain and repair body cells and are made up of amino acids. food sources include: eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts
protein
calcium
builds bone and other tissue, significant for bone density and bone mass. food sources include: milk, cheese, yoghurt, leafy vegetables
regulates intracellular and extracellular fluids, too much contributes to high blood pressure and heart failure. food sources include: salt, fish, olives, cheese, bread
sodium
iron
forms the 'haem' part of haemoglobin which is oxygen carrying part of blood and is needed in high quantities. food sources include: lean red meat, eggs, fish
absorbs calcium into the blood stream.
vitamin D
B group vitamins
B1, B2, B3 converts fuel into energy. B9 (folate) has role in development of red blood cells and DNA synthesis. B12 form red blood cells to transport through blood stream.
fatigue (lack of iron), constipated and hunger (lack of fibre) and low energy (lack of carbs)
short term consequences
long term consequences
anaemia (lack of iron), excessive weight gain (too much trans and saturated fats) and CV diseases (lack of vitamins)
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