GENE WEEK ONE

Explain the experiment by Avery and co workers that indicated that DNA contains the genetic material of life
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Explain the experiment by Avery and co workers that indicated that DNA contains the genetic material of life
Pneumoccoci can be rough or smooth,
The rough form - is non virulent
The smooth - form is virulent
They extracted the smooth form, during a purification if transforming factor.
Where smooth strained cells were extrated and combined with each individual part of thw cell ( RNA, DHA, LIPIDS, CARBOHYDRATES)
Only the dna reacted with the cells proving it is respinsibe for carrying heritable information
What discovery was made about rough vs smooth Pneumococci in 1929
In 1929 Griffith concluded based on performing tests on mice with different parts of the lab DNA.
Rough was non virulent ( a virulent)
Smooth was virulent
Explain the experiment by Hershey and chase that indicated DNA contains the genetic material of life
Used T2 bacteriophage
Ans radioactively labelled DNA and proteins.
Tracked the bacteriophage DNA and proteins and found that The DNA was passed in buy the protein was not . Therefore DNA must be the molecule of life
Describe a deoxynucleotide ( image)
5-3 means the phosphate is on the 5th carbon
Image: Describe a deoxynucleotide ( image)
What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside
Nucleosides are nucleotides without the 3 PO4 groups. ( no phosphate )
Image: What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside
Draw the structures of adenine , thymine, guanine, cytosine and uracil
adenine and Guanine are purines
uracil, cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines
Image: Draw the structures of adenine , thymine, guanine, cytosine and uracil
Draw the chemical structure of a double stranded DNA molecule. Include labels for the: Ribose sugars, Phosphates, Bases, Hydrogen bonds, the 5' and 3' end of each of the antiparallel strands.
DNA- composed of a multiple nucleotides joined together to from double helix
Image: Draw the chemical structure of a double stranded DNA molecule. Include labels for the: Ribose sugars, Phosphates, Bases, Hydrogen bonds, the 5' and 3' end of each of the antiparallel strands.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.
Image: What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
What is the semiconservative model of DNA replication?
the two parental strands separate and each makes a copy of itself. After one round of replication, the two daughter molecules each comprises one old and one new strand. Note that after two rounds, two of the DNA molecules consist only of new material, while the other two contain one old and one new strand.
Image: What is the semiconservative model of DNA replication?
What experiment was performed by Meselson and Stahl to demonstrate DNA replication is semiconservative?
Combined bugs with N14 ( light ) nucleotides with N15 ( heavy ) and noticed the replication was semiconservative in generations
State three requirements of DNA Polymerase for DNA synthesis to occur1. single stranded DNA template 2. deoxy nucleotide triphospahes ( dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP) 3.primerWhat is a phosphodiester bond?Nucleotides in the DNA are covalently linked between the 3'hydroxy and 5'phosphate group of the next nucleotide. (The 3' hydroxy acts as a nucleophile and attacks the gamma phosphate)Draw a diagram of a DNA molecule and show where a phosphodiester bond is.At a DNA replication fork are Okazaki fragments found in the leading strand or in the lagging strand?A number of enzymes and other molecules are required for DNA replication in a cell. List five of these enzymes and explain the function of each.helicase- strand separation DNA polymerase III- stand elongation DNA topoisomease - stops tangling DNA polymerase I -removes primers DNA ligase- seals standsBriefly explain why telomerase activity is required in some eukaryotic cellsTelomeres are needed to maintain the ends of chromosomes and sustain chromosome stability in eukaryotic cellsAre histone proteins found in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones to help package the DNA into smaller spaces, most prokaryotes do not have histone