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Cognition, learning and memory week 6. Classical conditioning best explains

Terms in this set (44)

learning is
A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience
Conditioning
the process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
neutral stimulus (NS)
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
conditioned stimulus
in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
unconditioned stimulus (US)
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
unconditioned response (UR)
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
Classical conditioning affects not only overt behaviours but
physiological processes, immunosuppression to CS
Compensatory CRs and their role in drug tolerance
Stimuli that are consistently paired with the administration of drugs can acquire the capacity to elicit conditioned responses in both humans and laboratory animals,
conditioned responses are physiological reactions that are just the opposite of the normal effects of the drugs. For instance, the administration of epinephrine normally decreases gastric secretions, but a CS paired with epinephrine will elicit an increase in gastric secretions. These opponent processes are called compensatory CRs, and help to explain why drug addicts shooting up in unfamiliar environments are at increased risk for overdose because usual compensatory CR effects are absent.
Stimulus contiguity refers to whether the stimuli
occur together in TIME and space
Delayed Conditioning
The CS begins just before the UCS and stops at the same time as the UCS. This is the most effective form
Trace Conditioning
The CS begins and ends before the UCS is presented. This is somewhat effective.
Simultaneous Conditioning
The CS and the UCS begin and end together. This is not very effective
Backward Conditioning
The CS occurs after the UCS has finished. This is barely effective at best. Ideally the delay between the onset of the CS and UCS should be very brief, about half a second
stimulus generalisation
the tendency for similar stimuli to produce the same, but not necessarily identical, response
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