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cognition, learning and memory, week 5

Terms in this set (19)

executive functioning
the cognitive abilities and processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their actions - the command centre
elements of executive function
working memory
inhibition
cognitive flexibility
working memory
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
cognitive flexibility
involves being aware that options and alternatives are available and adapting to the situation
cognitive inhibition
the ability to control internal and external distracting stimuli
Updating:
A process done through working memory; The process involves rapidly incorporating and deleting any information not needed to perform the task at hand
working memory there are two subcomponents
verbal working memory
Visuospatial working memory
2 components to inhibition
Response inhibition
Attention inhibition
Unity and Diversity Model of executive function
research based, theoretical model
the three core components of working memory (also known as "Updating"), cognitive flexibility (also known as "Shifting"), and inhibition are important to producing complex behaviours that facilitate a complex executive task. these elements are seen as distinct, but also acting in unity with a little overlap in action
The Unity/Diversity framework (Miyake and Friedman, 2012)
updated theory - 2nd version
common EF
common EF is about one's ability to actively maintain task goals and goal-related information and use this information to effectively bias lower-level processing. (Miyake and Friedman, 2012)

Inhibition has also been included as a part of an immeasurable concept as it was theorised to work so closely with working memory and cognitive flexibility that it was nearly inseparable
The Diamond model
showcases how working memory and inhibitory control work together to build cognitive flexibility. The production of higher-level executive functions is possible only if cognitive flexibility is present
why are executive attention and self-regulation are attached (and highly correlated) to inhibitory control in Diamonds model?
because both of these are top-down processes. We only divert the processing back to the two components within inhibitory control when we recognised that there was a problem in "higher-level executive functions"
executive attention
involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances

how we monitor, control, and choose to conduct ourselves when there are many different ways to respond to, or resolve a conflict situation
self-regulation
refers to the process of how we monitor and control our actions, attention, emotions, motivation, and cognitive arousal, or in other words, thinking
In forensic populations, criminals are often separated into two different groups
violent
non-violent
However, there are two different types of violent criminals.
premeditated- involves planning
non-premediated
ADHD
working memory works with inhibition to suppress a behaviour, and also prevent an interference from disengaging them from a current task by informing the individual on they should be doing, and what they should not do.

Working memory and inhibition working together provides sustained attention, or focus, which is a deficit characteristic in ADHD
Autism
A developmental disorder marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person's state of mind.

Working memory seems to be impaired in people with ASD. The literature suggests that people with ASD show deficits in visual-spatial as well as well as verbal WM
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