Chapter 10 Australia (1750–1918) | Oxford Humanities 9 Victorian Curriculum

Terms in this set (28)

Country
a term used by Aboriginal peoples to refer to all living things present on the land that they belong to
penal colony
a colony set up primarily to receive and contain prisoners from the home country
Industrial Revolution
the name given to the period of rapid development in manufacturing and industry from 1750 to 1900 particularly in Britain
American War of Independence
a revolutionary war fought between Britain and the 13 British colonies in North America (1775-83)
First Fleet
the 11 ships carrying convicts and British officers that left Britain in 1787 to establish a penal colony in New South Wales
Second Fleet
the six ships carrying free settlers, convicts and supplies from Britain to the colony of New South Wales that arrived in 1789
free settlers
people who leave their homeland by choice to settle in a new country or colony
assisted migrants
people wanting to move to a new country, whose transportation costs are sponsored by the government, a charitable organisation or private citizen
autocratic
relating to a person who rules with unlimited authority
immigration
the act of entering and settling permanently in a country or region to which a person is not native
dispossession
to deprive a person or people of the possession or occupancy of land and property
protection
a government policy introduced in Australia from the 1850s that gave the government extensive power over the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
pastoralists
owners or people who hold the lease of a large property used mainly for the grazing of sheep and cattle
diggers
miners, especially those who dig for gold; also an informal term used to describe soldiers from Australia and New Zealand
Eureka Rebellion
the 1854 violent uprising led by goldminers in Ballarat, Victoria protesting against the expense of mining licences, which resulted in the deaths of at least 27 people
migration
the movement of people from one place to another
merino
a breed of sheep prized for fine wool
slavery
a system where one person/organisation owns or completely controls the life of another
egalitarianism
a social and political theory that gained popularity in the eighteenth century, promoting the idea of equality among all people regardless of their position in society
nationalism
"a sense of pride in, and love of, one's country; also the idea that one nation's culture and interests
are superior to those of another nation"
...
tariffs
taxes on imported goods and services
free trade
an economic policy under which governments do not restrict or interfere with the trade of goods and services between countries by applying tariffs (taxes) to imported goods or providing subsidies (financial payments) to protect local manufacturers
Australian Constitution
a document that describes the rules, or laws, that govern Australia
referendums
national votes of the people on actions proposed by the government
separation of powers
a principle that guides the way Australia is governed; the power to govern is divided between the parliament, the executive and the judiciary to avoid one group having total control
House of Representatives
the lower house of the national parliament)
White Australia Policy
a term used to describe a series of government policies introduced after Federation that prevented non-white immigrants from settling in Australia, favouring instead those from certain European nations (especially Britain)
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