VETS3070 ESE S2

A 9-year-old cat presents in respiratory distress. You strongly suspect a pleural effusion and would like to collect a sample of fluid for analysis. While clipping the thoracic wall the cat becomes fractious and nearly collapses and turns more cyanotic. You place the cat back in oxygen while you contemplate your next move. Which of the following ideas should drive your next decision regarding your diagnostic plan for this cat.
a. The risk of death far outweighs the benefit of a needle aspirate for definitive diagnosis at this time.
b. The risk to you from being bitten is the most important factor and why you should avoid attempting another needle aspirate.
c. The cost of wasting a needle and extension set outweighs the benefit of a definitive diagnosis.
d. The owner is in no rush to know what's wrong, and so there is no rush to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
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A 9-year-old cat presents in respiratory distress. You strongly suspect a pleural effusion and would like to collect a sample of fluid for analysis. While clipping the thoracic wall the cat becomes fractious and nearly collapses and turns more cyanotic. You place the cat back in oxygen while you contemplate your next move. Which of the following ideas should drive your next decision regarding your diagnostic plan for this cat.
a. The risk of death far outweighs the benefit of a needle aspirate for definitive diagnosis at this time.
b. The risk to you from being bitten is the most important factor and why you should avoid attempting another needle aspirate.
c. The cost of wasting a needle and extension set outweighs the benefit of a definitive diagnosis.
d. The owner is in no rush to know what's wrong, and so there is no rush to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
A
Which of the following is an indication to perform a tracheostomy in a patient showing a high respiratory rate and effort and upper respiratory stridor?
a. Tachycardia
b. Pale mucus membranes
c. Muscle tremors
d. Lack of adequate airflow from the nostrils
D
Doctor Jacquie is presented with an itching dog. The pattern of lesions on the skin are really similar to two dogs she treated last week for flea bite dermatitis. Jacquie is in a hurry and decides not to do any diagnostics, but to treat for fleas (it is spring, after all). The owner returns in a month because the skin is no better (actually worse). Which source of cognitive error is MOST likely the cause of missing the accurate diagnosis on the first visit?
a. Availability bias
b. Conformation bias
c. Search satisfaction
d. Anchoring
A
A 12-year-old cat presents for confusion and bumping into things at home. On clinical examination you note the cat is unable to navigate an obstacle course in the room and does not have a menace response (does not blink or indicate that she is able to see when something is quickly held in front of her eyes). You complete a fundic examination and see that her retinas have both detached and are seen as pillowing membranes in the posterior chamber of the eye. A cat with detached retinas is blind. Which of the following is the BEST/MOST APPROPRIATELY formulated problem to include in your problems list?
a. Blindness
b. Acute blindness
c. Unable to navigate obstacles
d. Bilateral retinal detachment with secondary blindness
C
Doctor Drew is treating a dog with bacterial cystitis that he diagnosed on urinalysis two weeks ago. The owner calls to report the problem has returned about a week after finishing the last course of antibiotics prescribed. Drew assumed it just wasn't treated long enough, and another course of antibiotic is prescribed. The problem returns a third time and so Drew examines the dog and palpates something hard in the urinary bladder. Radiographs identify a urocystolith. This is likely the cause of the repeat cystitis. Which source of cognitive error is MOST likely the cause of missing the complete diagnosis on the first visit?
a. Availability bias
b. Conformation bias
c. Search satisfaction
d. Anchoring
C
Which of the following suture sizes is most appropriate for microsurgery such as repair of a small severed nerve?
a. 5
b. 0
c. 3-0
d. 10-0
D
A 6-year-old French Bulldog has been vomiting and one of his toys are missing. You would like to find clear evidence of an obstruction to justify your therapeutic plan. Which diagnostic is MOST appropriate for this purpose?
a. Complete biochemistry
b. Computed tomography (CT)
c. abdominal radiographs
d. Faecal examination
C
Match the suture material with the absorption time.
a. Polypropylene
b. Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl)
c. Polyglecaprone (Monosyn)
d. Polyglyconate

1. 50% loss of tensile strength in 25 - 35 days
2. 50% loss of tensile strength in 7 - 10 days
3. Non-absorbable
4. 50% loss of tensile strength in 14 - 21 days
a. Non-absorbable
b. 14 - 21 days
c. 7 - 10 days
d. 25 - 35 days
A middle-aged cat presents with a mass on the right side of her face. She is indoor/outdoor and was normal yesterday. The mass is painful and warm to touch. You suspect an abscess. What should your diagnostic plan include in order to definitively identify WHAT the mass is?
a. Needle aspirate of the swelling
b. Surgical biopsy of the swelling
c. Radiograph of the skull
d. Complete blood count
A
Doctor Ned is called out to a farm to evaluate a lame horse. The owner says the horse appears painful in the knee (carpus) after working yesterday. This has happened before. Doctor Ned evaluates the carpus, thinks the carpus might have a small effusion, but the carpus doesn't seem too painful. He suspect there might be a problem in the foot, but decides not to pick the hoof and instead agrees with the owner. It probably is the knee since he's been lame in that joint before. He recommends phenylbutazone and rest. Two days later the horse is worse. On re-examination, an old piece of metal is found wedged in the frog. It is removed and the horse improves within hours. Which source of cognitive error is MOST likely the cause of missing this diagnosis on the first visit?
a. Availability bias
b. Conformation bias
c. Search Satisfaction
d. Anchoring
d
Assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status during the primary exam using the perfusion parameters does NOT include: a. Pulse quality. b. Heart rate. c. Capillary refill time d. Blood pressuredOf the following, what would be the most appropriate suture material for closure of the linea alba in a dog following a routine laparotomy? a. Multifilament non-absorbable such as silk b. Monofilament with a rapid absorption time such as Monocryl c. Monofilament with a long absorption time such as PDS d. Multifilament with rapid absorption time such as Vicryl RapidcDoctor Jane is treating a new kitten for diarrhoea secondary to coccidia. The kitten is doing better, but now the other, older cat in the house is vomiting. Jane treats that cat for coccidia since the kitten just had it and coccidia would be associated with GI signs. The older cat doesn't improve and, in fact, becomes acutely painful in the abdomen and dies shortly after presenting to your hospital. Necropsy reveals a linear foreign body resulting in GI perforation and sepsis. This explains the original complaint of vomiting. Which source of cognitive error is MOST likely the cause of missing the accurate diagnosis on the first visit? a. Availability bias b. Conformation bias c. Search satisfaction d. AnchoringaAs a part of the diagnostic plan to evaluate the cause of chronic diarrhoea in a dog for which inflammatory bowel disease is a differential diagnosis, you would like to be able to visualise the mucosal surface of the entire duodenum and collect biopsy for histopathology. What diagnostic modality will allow this? a. Surgical exploratory laparotomy b. Upper GI endoscopy c. Abdominal ultrasound d. Fine needle aspirate of the gut wallaA mob of sheep are presenting with clinical signs of disease for which ingestion of a particular weed is a likely differential. Which of the following diagnostic modalities would allow you to determine if the sheep did, in fact, have access to this weed? a. Necropsy and examination of colon contents b. Faecal examination c. Pasture/paddock walk d. Serum biochemistryaYou have to perform an exploratory laparotomy to remove an intestinal foreign body from the small intestine of a 12 week old 10kg Labrador puppy. You perform an uncomplicated enterotomy and remove a rubber ball. Which of the following sutures do you select to close your enterotomy incision? a. 4/0 polyglecaprone b. 3/0 polydioxanone c. 3/0 polyglactin 910 d. 4/0 polyamideCAs a part of the diagnostic plan to evaluate the cause of acute diarrhoea in a young cat in which coccidiosis is a differential diagnosis, what diagnostic modality would allow you to visualise the parasite/presence of the parasite? a. Surgical exploratory laparotomy b. Upper GI endoscopy c. Faecal floatation or direct wet mount d. Abdominal ultrasoundCOf the following, what would be the most appropriate suture material for closure of the skin following a ventral midline laparotomy in a horse that was aggressive and known to kick? a. Stainless steel staples b. Long acting absorbable monofilament such as PDS c. Rapidly absorbed monofilament such as Monocryl d. Non-absorbable monofilament such as polypropylenebQuestion 19: Which of the following statements about clinical behaviour in practice is true? a. More dogs die each year because of their behaviour than die because of neoplastic, metabolic and infectious diseases combined. b. More dogs die from metabolic disease (e.g. diabetes) but behaviour is in the top three. c. Clinical behaviour is very important in dogs, but relatively unimportant in cats and horses. d. Clinical behaviour is important in small animal practice, but has very little application in production animal practice.aQuestion 20: Clomipramine is a medication classified as a a. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor b. Tricyclic antidepressant c. Benzodiazepine d. Synthetic Pheromone AnaloguebQuestion 42: (4 marks) Time off water is often required by markets and transporting companies, typically 24 h. What is the reason for this stipulation and what are the implications for food quality.- Stock that are full of water & green feed do not travel as well as fasted stock - They will empty out quicker and can become stressed, weak & unsteady - Dung can stain wool & skin reducing the value of the animal as well as posing a risk for slippage à downers & death - In cold weather, urine stained sheep are more prone to cold stress à deathsChoose the TWO (2) options that best describes the general pattern of Australian live exports. You will receive part marks for this question for correct selections. a. Most sheep live exports are feeder and slaughter animals travelling from southern Australia to the Middle East and North Africa b. Most cattle live exports are feeder and slaughter animals travelling from southern Australia to the Middle East and North Africa c. Most cattle live exports are feeder and slaughter animals travelling from northern Australia to SE Asia d. Most sheep live exports are feeder and slaughter animals travelling from northern Australia to the Middle East and North Africa e. Most cattle live exports are breeder animals travelling from northern Australia to SE Asiaa + CSelect the option with the highest concern about morbidity and mortality in live export sheep to the Middle East. a. In all shipments, without regard for the time of year and without regard for the destination port b. In shipments leaving Australia in the Australian winter and reaching destination ports in the Middle East in the northern hemisphere summer c. In shipments leaving Australia in the Australian summer and reaching destination ports in the Middle East in the northern hemisphere winter d. In shipments leaving Australia in the Australian summer and reaching destination ports in South East Asia in the northern hemisphere winterbWhich of the following is NOT a major cause of morbidity/mortality in sheep? a. Inappetance + salmonellosis b. Heat stress c. BRD d. Rough voyages and trauma e. Ventilation failurecList THREE major issues surrounding live export- We produce too much >> have to export - Air travel too expensive - Less well developed countries may have poorer refrigeration - Cultural + religious preference for live animals - Welfare risks - Increased risk of disease? - Poorer countries = growing demand for proteinWhat are the notifiable mortality thresholds?1% in sheep & 0.5% in cattleWhich is TRUE? Classical conditioning: (multiple) a. Involves any situation and is involuntary b. Involves rewiring of the neurons in the brain c. Behaviour results in a consequenceA & BMatch these periods to their time-frames in dogs: 1. Neonatal period 2. Transition period 3. Socialisation period 4. Fear period 5. Juvenile period a. 3 - 12 weeks b. 0 - 10 days c. 3 - 14 months d. 8 - 10 weeks e. 11 - 21 days1. b 2. e 3. a 4. d 5. cWhich of the following statements is false? a. Mild stressors during the neonatal period may accelerate growth and social independence b. Aversive experiences should be engaged in during the fear period c. Elimination habits can be affected if unable to leave nest to defacate during the transition period d. Adulthood will bring about reduced play and change in social tolerance e. Cats engage in increased object play compared to mate play during the juvenile periodbDefine fear vs. anxietyFear = normal emotional response to dangerous situation Anxiety = anticipation of a future danger or response that outweighs the dangerWhat are the components of a behaviour treatment plan?1. Client education and expectation setting 2. Management of environment & owners behaviour 3. Medical tx and/or behavioural txWhat are three aspects of behaviour management?Counter conditioning = pair a negative experience with a positive experience Desensitisation = slow repeated exposure combined with counter-conditioning Control tools = using cued behaviours to interrupt unwanted behaviourCompare mono- vs multi-filamentMono: - Decreased drag - More memory = less prone to undoing - Damaged by cyclic fatigue - Decreased risk of bacteria Multi: - Increase drag - Less memory = more prone to undoing - Less damaged by cyclic fatigue - Increased risk of bacteriaWhich is NOT a non-absorbable suture? a. Polypropylene b. Polyamide c. Catgut d. Stainless steelcWhat is an example of rapidly absorbed suture? a. Polypropylene b. Polyglecaprone c. Polyglyconate d. PolydioxanonebWhat is NOT an example of a medium-term absorbable suture? a. Polyglecaprone b. Polyglactin 910 c. Polyglycolic acid d. PolyglyconatedWhat is rapidly absorbed suture used for? a. S/Q, skin, mucosa & small-med vessels b. Large vessels, skin, bladder c. Skin, conjunctiva, bladder d. Liver, skin, mucosaaMatch these tissues to their healing times 1. Fascia 2. Skin 3. Bladder 4. Tendon 5. GIT a. 50% @ 6 months b. 100% at 21 days c. 60% at 6 weeks d. 50% at 14 days e. 40% at 4 - 6 weeks1. e 2.c 3.b 4.a 5dWhat size suture for linea alba of a horse?2 - 5What size suture for skin of a horse?2-0What size suture for eyes?6-0 - 8-0What size suture for dog linea alba0 - 1