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Social Studies 20-1

Terms in this set (104)

Nation
A group of people who share common culture with common customs origins history language and (frequently religion)

Nation (influences)→ Culture→ Individual Identity (Food, Traditions, Language, Religion, Geography, Role Models, Ideology, Clothing)
Soveriegn country
A county that is free from control by other countries
Nationalism
The feeling people have identifying with their nation (include loyalty and pride for one's nation)
Nationalism Includes
-Gives people a sense of belonging
-Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it (Pride and Loyalty)
-Your national culture and interests superior to others
-Nations should act independently to attain their goals
-The Aspiration for national independence felt by people

-Loyalty, Pride, Identity, Belonging
Nationalism Involves
-Strong feelings of love/devotion to one's country/nation
-Attitudes that are aggressive (Nationalist puts emphasis on promoting interests, cultural and social values of their groups above other nations)
-Justifying forcing one nation's or country's cultural values on other when promoting one own's nations interests
-Involves desire for sovereignty over own country, may be used to justify use of violence and taking control of other nation
-Refusal to recognize bad things happening in their nation
Identity
Personal Focus: Based on your own feelings and local connections such as likes/dislikes or sense of community

Non-National Focus: Such as religion, geographic region, culture, race, ideology, class and ethnicity (Ukrainian-Canadian)

State Focus: Based on country, such as Canadian
Non-Nationalist Loyalty
Those loyalties that may not be direct associated with the nationalism of a particular nation state, such as religion, geographic region, culture, race or ideology
Culture
The learned and shared way of life of a group of people which includes the generally accepted customs, beliefs and values

Defining feature of identity, contributing to how we see ourselves and what group we belong

Influence the Culture:
-Cultural Heritage, Language, Religion, Politics, Economics, Education, Technology, Art, Recreation
Civic / Civic Responsibility
Civic: Citizenship in a city, region or country

Civic Responsibility: Obligation of citizen to be involved in his/her free and democratic society
-Accept that all nation's citizens are equal
-Share common set of values/beliefs
-Abide by laws of nation based on shared values and beliefs

Canada has provided three ways to be civic nation:
-Bilingualism, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Multiculturalism
Civic Nation
The civic responsibility that citizens have towards their nation is civic nation
-Does not mean follow blindly, when something wrong occurs, obligated to criticize and make it right. Free societies usually have peaceful ways to allow their citizens to demonstrate their approval

Canada has issue with common values, beliefs from groups such as Quebecois and First Nations
Civic Nationalism
Nationalism based on shared political beliefs or values as a foundation for citizenship in a nation state

Rule of Law= Foundation of Civic Nation (Beliefs and values of people are preserved and protected by the law)
Ideology
A theory or concept about the way in which a society should be organized
Ethnic Group
A group of people with common racial and cultural traits such as language, religion, and customs
Ethnic nationalism
Based on shared common ethnic background
Patrioism
Love for ones country without regard for culture

Involves: Strong feelings of love/devotion to ones country
-Attitudes that are mostly defensive of country, or sacrifice such as going without certain things, fighting, and dying to protect nations
-No great desire to force one's nation or country's culture and values on others
-Desire for sovereignty but no desire to take control of other nations
-Patriot, recognizing bad things happening in nation and then trying to correct them
Nation state
An independent (self-governing) nation within clearly defined borders that are internationally recognized and whose citizens share a common culture history and language
Pluralism
The preservation of diversity of various cultural and ethnic groups inside one country
Multinational country
An independent nation with a population of two or more ethnic or cultural groups within clearly defined borders that are internationally recognized
French Revolution
(1789-1799) a period of political and social upheaval in France that spread ultimately throughout Europe

-French people owed their loyalty to the the king and had no say in government decision-making. Identity of the French people and the country of France came from the king = wanted change =started in 1789
Napoleonic Era
(1799-1815) The time during which Napoleon was in control or a strong influence in France
French Revolution vs Napoleonic Era
French Revolution helped evolve concepts of national identity, nation state and nationalism in France

Napoleonic Era helped spread these concepts to the rest of Europe (had its roots in French Rev.) French general, Napoleon Bonaparte, took France on a war of conquest throughout Europe spreading the idea of nationalism to Europeans everywhere
Aristocracy
A small privileged class of people who were noble (of high rank) by birth
Estates
A social class of people such as the noblemen or peasant class
First, Second, Third Estates
First: Clergy
-Owed its loyalty to Catholic Church. Received its identity from being Catholic Clergy. Were very rich, considerable control over people

Second: Nobles
-Owed loyalty to king. Got its identity from being subjects of king, being nobility and French culture played a role
-Held most profitable positions in army, government, clergy

Third: Commoners
-Owed loyalty to king. Received its identity from being subjects to King and commoners
Old Regime/Ancien Regime
Used to describe feudal conditions that existed in France before the French Revolution
Constitutional monarchy
A monarch whose power had been limited by constitution; limited monarch
Divine rights of king
The theory that monarch has received his or her right to rule from god rather than the people
Abdicate
To give up high office/responsibility
Age of Enlightment
An 18th century movement in European philosophy that advocated reason as primary basis of authority

-Changed traditional forms of government
-Wanted to free humanity from ignorance= perfect society
-To reform governments so their subjects would have more freedoms and better standard of living
Republic
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them and whose head of state is not a monarch
Dictatorship
A government where one person or small group of persons has complete control over the country and its citizens
Absolute monarch
A king or queen with unlimited or autocratic power over a territory and it's people
Conservatism
A belief that society should remain the way that it had been traditionally but if a society must change then it should be changed slowly and only through the already existing political and economic system with no revolutions
Feudal
The political social and economic structure of medieval society that lingered in parts of Europe into the 1700s
Clergy
The officials of a religious order (typically priests, bishops and cardinals, ect.) or preachers associated with religious organizations
Emigre
Revolution became serious = French peasants fought against abuses of Old Regime = Nobles left =Revolution continued =More fleeing

Emigres: Literally, a person who has migrated out often a political self-exile
Jacobins / Girondins
Jacobins: During the French Revolution, member of the Jacobin Club who were extremists

Girodins: During French Rev., a part of Jacobin political group -were more moderate
Constitution
A set of rules or laws that determine how a country shall be run
Suffrage
The right to vote
Individualism
The belief in the virtues of self- reliance and personal independence
Egalitarianism
A belief in human equality, especially with respect to social, political, legal, and economic rights and privileges; an equitable, or fair social structure
Liberalism
A political philosophy that all citizens should have government- guaranteed freedoms and equality
Propaganda
Statement , printed materials posters , radio and television broadcasts and movies designed to convince people of some point of view
Diplomacy
The process of countries speaking to one another to make agreements peacefully with each other
Mobilize
The act of a country calling up its armed forces and preparing them for war
Pacifism
The belief that disputes between nations should and can be settled peacefully
Armistice
A truce or ceasefire during a war
Enemy alien
A foreigner living in a country where a state of war exists between that citizens home county and the country in which he or she is living
Revolution
A sudden, extreme change in thinking and/or the way something is done
Conscription
Compulsory military service
Xenophobia
An unreasonable fear, distrust or hatred of strangers foreigners or anything perceived as foreign
Foreign policy
The methods a country uses while dealing with other countries
Gunboat Diplomacy
Diplomacy backed by use or threat of military force
Balance of power
Exists when the relative strength of neighbouring states is essentially equal , discouraging war
Self determination
The freedom of a nation to make its own decisions independent of outside influences from other countries
Militarism
A policy of aggression and building large armed forces -army, navy, air force
Imperialism
The purpose or process of a dominant country extending its control over another, weaker country or territory
Internment
The imprisonment or confinement of people without trail commonly in large groups
National interest
Aspects that a particular nation views as important to achieve internationally
Genocide
The planned systematic destruction of a certain group of peoples
Communism
The political social and economic system of certain countries in which the state governed by a single party without formal opposition owns all property controls over production and distribution of goods and services and to a great extent controls the social and cultural life of people
Scapegoat
An individual or group blamed for something when the fault actually lies elsewhere
Expansionism
A Nations practice or policy of territorial or economic growth
Fascism
A single party dictatorship that is internally nationalistic , anti communist and militaristic
Holocaust
The planned systematic destruction of European Jews and other nazis during world war 11
Autonomy
Independent of the laws of another state or government
Authoritarianism
A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator and promotes strict obedience to the authority of a state or organization
Inflation
Persistent increase in the level of consumer prices together with a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money
Naziism
Ideology of the national socialist party of Germany whose leader was Adolf hitler
Ultranationalism
Extreme nationalism especially when opposed to international cooperation
Isolationism
A policy of non-involvement in international affairs
Indoctrinate
To teach someone systematically to accept a something without question
Security
The need of a county to be safe from military or even economic aggression by other countries
Appeasement
A policy of avoiding war by giving in to the demands or actions of an aggressor Nations to preserve peace
Circumpolar
Located or found in one of the Polar regions (One of the coldest regions)
Northwest Passage
A water route between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean along the northern coast of North America
Apartheid
Political system that separated persons along colour lines and gave privileges to those of white ancestry only
Internationalism
Placing global concerns before a country's own national considerations
Sustainable Development
Development that preserves resources and the environment so that they will be able to continue indefinitely
G8
Is an international organization of the world's most industrialized nation states. Meets annually to discuss world economic, social and political issues.
Members: CA, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Japan, UK, US
Arctic Council
An intergovernmental forum for addressing many of the common concerns and challenges face by circumpolar states
Repatriate
To restore, or return to the country of birth, citizenship or origin
United Nations
An international organization who aims are to foster global cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and social rights and issues
World Council of Indigenous People
A formal international body dedicated to having concepts of aboriginal rights accepted on a worldwide scale
L'organization internationale de la Francophonie
An organization that promotes peaceful cooperation between French-speaking nation
Commonwealth of Nations
Former colonies of British Empire who grouped together for their common intrests
European Union
Created after WWII, to help bring peace, prosperity, to Europe. Today, 27 members.
World Government
The concept of a global political body would make, interrupt, and enforce international law
Peacekeeping
The process of placing soldiers from other countries between the aggressive groups to observe and maintain peace process after an armed conflict has ended
Multilaterism
Trade or diplomatic negotiations among several nations
Peacemaking
A policy of stopping armed conflict through diplomatic or military intervention
Protectionism
Putting taxes on imported goods to make them more expensive so that ones own goods will seem cheaper and sell better
Globalization
The belief by which people around the world are becoming increasingly interconnected through trade the media and migration
Bilingualism
The policy of recognizing two official languages in Canada : French and english
Alienation
The feeling of being isolated or cut off from other people , groups and regions
Referendum
A direct vote by all eligible voters on a question or issue
Multiculturalism
A government policy through which diverse cultures are encouraged to keep their cultural backgrounds while living together in one society
Federalism
A system in which power is divided between a central authority and several political units
Detente
Policy that uses diplomacy to decrease tensions between countries
Assimilation
To bring someone into a group In a way that minimizes or eliminates the differences between the individual and the group
Mediation
Working with both parties in conflict to find an agreement acceptable to both
Civil disobedience
Acting in the way that breaks the laws or rules by governing society
Deux Nations
The belief that Canada has two founding nations Britain and France
Distinct society
Idea that Quebec is unique because of its cultural aspects
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