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Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System

Terms in this set (15)

Astrocytes
neuroglial found in the CNS and branches out with lots of processes
microglial
neuroglial found in the CNS that is small and ovoid with lots of "thorny" processes
oligodendrocytes
neuroglial found in the CNS that branches out with fewer processes
ependymal
neuroglial found in the CNS that lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord. Usually ciliated and column like
satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Schwann cells
surround all nerve fibers in the PNS and form myeline sheaths around thicker nerve fibers
perikaryon
also known as the soma or neuron cell body
dendrites
branching extensions off the neuron cell body. Serve as receptors/input regions
axon hillock
cone shaped area of the neuron cell body that the axon branches off from
Nissl bodies
aka the chromatophilic substance or rough endoplasmic reticulum of the neuron cell...stains darkly with dyes and lies outside of the nucleus. Protein and membrane making machinery of the neuron cell body
axon terminal
aka axon knob or terminal bouton. knob like distal endings of the terminal branches
axon proper
middle of the axon that connects to the axon hillock and the axon terminal
synaptic vessicles
filled with neurotransmitters
Nodes of Ranvier
a myelin sheath gap along the axon where axon collaterals can emerge
neurilemma
area outside of the myelin sheath where the nucleus of the schwann cell and most of its cytoplasm resides
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